caa a22 4500 605469121 CHVBK 20210128100320.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00500-014-1373-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00500-014-1373-y Fragile watermarking using Karhunen-Loève transform: the KLT-F approach [Elektronische Daten] [Marco Botta, Davide Cavagnino, Victor Pomponiu] The paper presents a fragile watermarking technique that may be used to discover image manipulations at block level. The proposed algorithm, based on the Karhunen-Loève linear transform (KLT), modifies some of the KLT coefficients obtained from a secret base (defined by a secret key image) so that they contain a binary pseudo-random message. A genetic algorithm is used to compensate for rounding errors introduced by inverse transforming in the integer pixel domain. An extensive experimentation has been performed to test the effectiveness of the method and to show the sensitivity of the algorithm to single pixel modifications (also as a function of the number of modified coefficients). A comparison with other fragile watermarking methods is reported. It should be noted that the proposed approach results in both a high PSNR (more than 53 dB on average) and a high subjective quality. The system may be tested online by submitting images to be watermarked and subsequently verifying the presence of modifications in a previously marked image. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Fragile watermarking nationallicence Content authentication nationallicence Karhunen-Loève transform nationallicence Genetic algorithms nationallicence Data security nationallicence Botta Marco Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy aut Cavagnino Davide Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy aut Pomponiu Victor Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3362 Fifth Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut Soft Computing Springer Berlin Heidelberg 19/7(2015-07-01), 1905-1919 1432-7643 19:7<1905 2015 19 500 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-014-1373-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-014-1373-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Botta Marco Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cavagnino Davide Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Torino, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pomponiu Victor Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3362 Fifth Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Soft Computing Springer Berlin Heidelberg 19/7(2015-07-01), 1905-1919 1432-7643 19:7<1905 2015 19 500