caa a22 4500 605471231 CHVBK 20210128100332.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-014-2301-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-014-2301-7 Effects of cumulus parameterizations on predictions of summer flood in the Central United States [Elektronische Daten] [Fengxue Qiao, Xin-Zhong Liang] This study comprehensively evaluates the effects of twelve cumulus parameterization (CUP) schemes on simulations of 1993 and 2008 Central US summer floods using the regional climate-weather research and forecasting model. The CUP schemes have distinct skills in predicting the summer mean pattern, daily rainfall frequency and precipitation diurnal cycle. Most CUP schemes largely underestimate the magnitude of Central US floods, but three schemes including the ensemble cumulus parameterization (ECP), the Grell-3 ensemble cumulus parameterization (G3) and Zhang-McFarlane-Liang cumulus parameterization (ZML) show clear advantages over others in reproducing both floods location and amount. In particular, the ECP scheme with the moisture convergence closure over land and cloud-base vertical velocity closure over oceans not only reduces the wet biases in the G3 and ZML schemes along the US coastal oceans, but also accurately reproduces the Central US daily precipitation variation and frequency distribution. The Grell (GR) scheme shows superiority in reproducing the Central US nocturnal rainfall maxima, but others generally fail. This advantage of GR scheme is primarily due to its closure assumption in which the convection is determined by the tendency of large-scale instability. Future study will attempt to incorporate the large-scale tendency assumption as a trigger function in the ECP scheme to improve its prediction of Central US rainfall diurnal cycle. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Cumulus parameterization nationallicence Regional climate model nationallicence Extreme events nationallicence Diurnal cycle nationallicence Frequency distribution nationallicence Qiao Fengxue Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China aut Liang Xin-Zhong Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/3-4(2015-08-01), 727-744 0930-7575 45:3-4<727 2015 45 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2301-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2301-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Qiao Fengxue Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liang Xin-Zhong Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/3-4(2015-08-01), 727-744 0930-7575 45:3-4<727 2015 45 382