caa a22 4500 605471495 CHVBK 20210128100333.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-014-2448-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-014-2448-2 Understanding the El Niño-like oceanic response in the tropical Pacific to global warming [Elektronische Daten] [Yiyong Luo, Jian Lu, Fukai Liu, Wei Liu] The enhanced central and eastern Pacific SST warming and the associated ocean processes under global warming are investigated using the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), Parallel Ocean Program version 2 (POP2). The tropical SST warming pattern in the coupled CESM can be faithfully reproduced by the POP2 forced with surface fluxes computed using the aerodynamic bulk formula. By prescribing the wind stress and/or wind speed through the bulk formula, the effects of wind stress change and/or the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback are isolated and their linearity is evaluated in this ocean-alone setting. Result shows that, although the weakening of the equatorial easterlies contributes positively to the El Niño-like SST warming, 80% of which can be simulated by the POP2 without considering the effects of wind change in both mechanical and thermodynamic fluxes. This result points to the importance of the air-sea thermal interaction and the relative feebleness of the ocean dynamical process in the El Niño-like equatorial Pacific SST response to global warming. On the other hand, the wind stress change is found to play a dominant role in the oceanic response in the tropical Pacific, accounting for most of the changes in the equatorial ocean current system and thermal structures, including the weakening of the surface westward currents, the enhancement of the near-surface stratification and the shoaling of the equatorial thermocline. Interestingly, greenhouse gas warming in the absence of wind stress change and WES feedback also contributes substantially to the changes at the subsurface equatorial Pacific. Further, this warming impact can be largely replicated by an idealized ocean experiment forced by a uniform surface heat flux, whereby, arguably, a purest form of oceanic dynamical thermostat is revealed. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 El Niño-like response nationallicence Global warming nationallicence Thermocline nationallicence Oceanic dynamical thermostat nationallicence Luo Yiyong Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China aut Lu Jian Atmospheric Sciences and GlobalChange Division, Pacific Northwest NationalLaboratory, Richland, WA, USA aut Liu Fukai Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China aut Liu Wei Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/7-8(2015-10-01), 1945-1964 0930-7575 45:7-8<1945 2015 45 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2448-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2448-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Luo Yiyong Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lu Jian Atmospheric Sciences and GlobalChange Division, Pacific Northwest NationalLaboratory, Richland, WA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Fukai Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Wei Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/7-8(2015-10-01), 1945-1964 0930-7575 45:7-8<1945 2015 45 382