caa a22 4500 605471797 CHVBK 20210128100334.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-014-2393-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-014-2393-0 Effect of wind forcing on the meridional heat transport in a coupled climate model: equilibrium response [Elektronische Daten] [Haijun Yang, Haijin Dai] The effect of the ocean surface winds on the meridional heat transports is studied in a coupled model. Shutting down the global surface winds causes significant reductions in both wind-driven and thermohaline ocean circulations, resulting in a remarkable decrease in the poleward oceanic heat transport (OHT). The sea surface temperature responds with significant warming in the equator and cooling off the equator, causing an enhancement and equatorward shift in the Hadley cell. This increases the poleward atmospheric heat transport (AHT), which in turn compensates the decrease in the OHT. This compensation implies a fundamental constraint in changes of ocean-atmosphere energy transports. Several other compensation changes are also identified. For the OHT components, the changes in the Eulerian mean and bolus OHT are compensated with each other in the Southern Ocean, since a stronger wind driven Ekman transport is associated with a stronger meridional density gradient (stronger bolus circulation) and vice versa. For the AHT components, the changes in the dry static energy (DSE) and latent energy transports are compensated within the tropics (30°N/S), because a stronger Hadley cell causes a stronger equatorward convergence of moisture. In the extratropics, the changes in the mean and eddy DSE transports show perfect compensation, as a result of the equatorward shift of the Ferrell Cell and enhancement of atmospheric baroclinicity in mid-high latitudes, particularly over the North Atlantic. This work also shows how the Earth's climate is trying to maintain the balance between two hemispheres: the ocean in the Northern Hemisphere is colder than that in the Southern Hemisphere due to much reduced northward heat transports cross the Equator in the Atlantic, therefore, the atmosphere responds to the ocean with temperature colder in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere by transporting more heat northward cross the equator over the Pacific, in association with a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. The Author(s), 2014 Coupled climate model nationallicence Atmospheric heat transport nationallicence Oceanic heat transport nationallicence Hadley cell nationallicence Atlantic meridional overturning circulation nationallicence Bjerknes compensation nationallicence Yang Haijun Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies (LaCOAS) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, 209 Chengfu Road, 100871, Beijing, China aut Dai Haijin Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies (LaCOAS) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, 209 Chengfu Road, 100871, Beijing, China aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/5-6(2015-09-01), 1451-1470 0930-7575 45:5-6<1451 2015 45 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2393-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2393-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yang Haijun Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies (LaCOAS) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, 209 Chengfu Road, 100871, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dai Haijin Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies (LaCOAS) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, 209 Chengfu Road, 100871, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/5-6(2015-09-01), 1451-1470 0930-7575 45:5-6<1451 2015 45 382