caa a22 4500 605472343 CHVBK 20210128100337.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-015-2524-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-015-2524-2 Observed changes of global and western Pacific precipitation associated with global warming SST mode and mega-ENSO SST mode [Elektronische Daten] [Byeong-Hee Kim, Kyung-Ja Ha] Changes in the observed precipitation and moisture transport induced by anthropogenic forcing and natural variability were investigated. To separate into the anthropogenic and natural modes, the multi-variate EOF (MVEOF) analysis synthesized from three variables including of precipitation, SST, and moisture flux convergence is used. The precipitation pattern over the tropics has a tri-polar structure in anthropogenic mode but a zonal asymmetric structure near 150°E in natural mode. The patterns of precipitation were determined in the principal modes of moisture flux convergence using MVEOF. Through a moisture budget analysis, the dynamic factor of moisture flux was found to play an important role in the precipitation changes. The natural and anthropogenic modes have zonal wave patterns of potential function associated with the dynamic factor: zonal wavenumber 1 and 2 structure, respectively. When the decadal ENSO is in mega-La Niña phase, natural and anthropogenic forcings represent a positive sign of potential function, which means increased precipitation over the tropical western Pacific (WP). In the tropics, anthropogenic forcing slightly strengthens westerly winds over the Indian Ocean and easterly winds over the WP, while weaken the easterly winds over the eastern Pacific. The natural variability strengthens the Walker circulation in La Niña phase. Therefore, during recent three decades, the slightly strengthening of the wind convergence near the WP by anthropogenic forcing and the strengthening of the Walker circulation by natural variability have caused the increasing precipitation over the WP. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Anthropogenic forcing nationallicence Moisture flux nationallicence MVEOF nationallicence Natural variability nationallicence Precipitation nationallicence Walker circulation nationallicence Kim Byeong-Hee Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea aut Ha Kyung-Ja Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/11-12(2015-12-01), 3067-3075 0930-7575 45:11-12<3067 2015 45 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2524-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2524-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kim Byeong-Hee Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ha Kyung-Ja Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/11-12(2015-12-01), 3067-3075 0930-7575 45:11-12<3067 2015 45 382