caa a22 4500 605472963 CHVBK 20210128100340.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-015-2505-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-015-2505-5 Variability of West African monsoon patterns generated by a WRF multi-physics ensemble [Elektronische Daten] [Cornelia Klein, Dominikus Heinzeller, Jan Bliefernicht, Harald Kunstmann] The credibility of regional climate simulations over West Africa stands and falls with the ability to reproduce the West African monsoon (WAM) whose precipitation plays a pivotal role for people's livelihood. In this study, we simulate the WAM for the wet year 1999 with a 27-member multi-physics ensemble of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. We investigate the inter-member differences in a process-based manner in order to extract generalizable information on the behavior of the tested cumulus (CU), microphysics (MP), and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes. Precipitation, temperature and atmospheric dynamics are analyzed in comparison to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) gridded gauge-analysis, the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) gridded temperature product and the forcing data (ERA-Interim) to explore interdependencies of processes leading to a certain WAM regime. We find that MP and PBL schemes contribute most to the ensemble spread (147mmmonth−1) for monsoon precipitation over the study region. Furthermore, PBL schemes have a strong influence on the movement of the WAM rainband because of their impact on the cloud fraction, that ranges from 8 to 20% at 600hPa during August. More low- and mid-level clouds result in less incoming radiation and a weaker monsoon. Ultimately, we identify the differing intensities of the moist Hadley-type meridional circulation that connects the monsoon winds to the Tropical Easterly Jet as the main source for inter-member differences. The ensemble spread of Sahel precipitation and associated dynamics for August 1999 is comparable to the observed inter-annual spread (1979-2010) between dry and wet years, emphasizing the strong potential impact of regional processes and the need for a careful selection of model parameterizations. The Author(s), 2015 WRF nationallicence West African monsoon nationallicence Multi-physics ensemble nationallicence Precipitation nationallicence Parameterization nationallicence Tropical Easterly Jet nationallicence African Easterly Jet nationallicence Klein Cornelia Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut Heinzeller Dominikus Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut Bliefernicht Jan Institute of Geography, Chair for Regional Climate and Hydrology, University of Augsburg, 86135, Augsburg, Germany aut Kunstmann Harald Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/9-10(2015-11-01), 2733-2755 0930-7575 45:9-10<2733 2015 45 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2505-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2505-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Klein Cornelia Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heinzeller Dominikus Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bliefernicht Jan Institute of Geography, Chair for Regional Climate and Hydrology, University of Augsburg, 86135, Augsburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kunstmann Harald Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 45/9-10(2015-11-01), 2733-2755 0930-7575 45:9-10<2733 2015 45 382