caa a22 4500 605473420 CHVBK 20210128100342.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-014-2138-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-014-2138-0 Using aquaplanets to understand the robust responses of comprehensive climate models to forcing [Elektronische Daten] [Brian Medeiros, Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony] Idealized climate change experiments using fixed sea-surface temperature are investigated to determine whether zonally symmetric aquaplanet configurations are useful for understanding climate feedbacks in more realistic configurations. The aquaplanets capture many of the robust responses of the large-scale circulation and hydrologic cycle to both warming the sea-surface temperature and quadrupling atmospheric CO2. The cloud response to both perturbations varies across models in both Earth-like and aquaplanet configurations, and this spread arises primarily from regions of large-scale subsidence. Most models produce a consistent cloud change across the subsidence regimes, and the feedback in trade-wind cumulus regions dominates the tropical response. It is shown that these trade-wind regions have similar cloud feedback in Earth-like and aquaplanet warming experiments. The tropical average cloud feedback of the Earth-like experiment is captured by five of eight aquaplanets, and the three outliers are investigated to understand the discrepancy. In two models, the discrepancy is due to warming induced dissipation of stratocumulus decks in the Earth-like configuration which are not represented in the aquaplanet. One model shows a circulation response in the aquaplanet experiment accompanied by a cloud response that differs from the Earth-like configuration. Quadrupling atmospheric CO2 in aquaplanets produces slightly greater adjusted forcing than in Earth-like configurations, showing that land-surface effects dampen the adjusted forcing. The analysis demonstrates how aquaplanets, as part of a model hierarchy, help elucidate robust aspects of climate change and develop understanding of the processes underlying them. The Author(s), 2014 Climate change nationallicence Climate models nationallicence Cloud radiative effect nationallicence Aquaplanet nationallicence Tropospheric adjustment nationallicence Climate feedbacks nationallicence Medeiros Brian National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO BOX 3000, 80307, Boulder, CO, USA aut Stevens Bjorn Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany aut Bony Sandrine Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 44/7-8(2015-04-01), 1957-1977 0930-7575 44:7-8<1957 2015 44 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2138-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2138-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Medeiros Brian National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO BOX 3000, 80307, Boulder, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stevens Bjorn Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bony Sandrine Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, Paris, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 44/7-8(2015-04-01), 1957-1977 0930-7575 44:7-8<1957 2015 44 382