caa a22 4500 60547463X CHVBK 20210128100348.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00382-014-2165-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00382-014-2165-x AMOC response to global warming: dependence on the background climate and response timescale [Elektronische Daten] [Jiang Zhu, Zhengyu Liu, Jiaxu Zhang, Wei Liu] This paper investigates the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to a sudden doubling of atmospheric CO2 in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 3, with a focus on differences under different background climates. The findings reveal that the evolution of the AMOC differs significantly between the modern climate and the last glacial maximum (LGM). In the modern climate, the AMOC decreases (by 25%, 4Sv) in the first 100years and then recovers slowly (by 6%, 1Sv) by the end of the 1,500-year simulation. At the LGM, the AMOC also weakens (by 8%, 1Sv) in the initial 90years, but then recovers, first rapidly (by 30%, 4Sv) over the following 300years, and then slowly (by 13%, 1.6Sv) during the remainder of the integration. These results suggest that the responses of the AMOC under both climates have a similar initial rapid weakening period of ~100years and a final slow strengthening period over 1,000years long. However, additional intermediate period of ~300years does occur for the LGM, with rapid intensification in the AMOC. Analyses suggest that the rapid intensification is triggered and sustained primarily by a coupled sea ice-ocean feedback: the reduction of meltwater flux in the northern North Atlantic—associated with the remarkable sea-ice retreat at the LGM—intensifies the AMOC and northward heat transport, which, in turn, causes further sea-ice retreat and more reduction of meltwater. These processes are insignificant under modern conditions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Atlantic meridional overturning circulation nationallicence Carbon dioxide nationallicence Last glacial maximum nationallicence Sea ice nationallicence Timescale nationallicence Zhu Jiang Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Liu Zhengyu Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Zhang Jiaxu Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut Liu Wei Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA aut Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 44/11-12(2015-06-01), 3449-3468 0930-7575 44:11-12<3449 2015 44 382 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2165-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2165-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhu Jiang Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Zhengyu Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Jiaxu Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225W. Dayton St., 53706, Madison, WI, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Wei Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Climate Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 44/11-12(2015-06-01), 3449-3468 0930-7575 44:11-12<3449 2015 44 382