caa a22 4500 605476357 CHVBK 20210128100356.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00787-014-0541-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00787-014-0541-z Risk factors for incident major depressive disorder in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Elektronische Daten] [Jeanette Jerrell, Roger McIntyre, Yong-Moon Park] The greater burden of illness in youth with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) deserves further investigation, specifically regarding the influence of other psychiatric or medical conditions and the pharmacotherapies prescribed. A retrospective cohort design was employed, using South Carolina's (USA) Medicaid claims' dataset covering outpatient and inpatient medical services, and medication prescriptions between January, 1996 and December, 2006 for patients ≤17years of age. The cohort included 22,452 cases diagnosed with ADHD at a mean age 7.8years; 1,259 (5.6%) cases were diagnosed with MDD at a mean age of 12.1years. The probability of a child with ADHD developing MDD was significantly associated with a comorbid anxiety disorder (aOR=3.53), CD/ODD (aOR=3.45), or a substance use disorder (aOR=2.31); being female (aOR=1.77); being treated with pemoline (aOR=1.69), atomoxetine (aOR=1.31), or mixed amphetamine salts (aOR=1.28); a comorbid obesity diagnosis (aOR=1.29); not being African American (aOR=1.23), and being older at ADHD diagnosis (aOR=1.09). Those developing MDD also developed several comorbid disorders later than the ADHD-only cohort, i.e., conduct disorder/oppositional-defiant disorder (CD/ODD), at mean age of 10.8years, obesity at 11.6years, generalized anxiety disorder at 12.2years, and a substance use disorder at 15.7years of age. Incident MDD was more likely in individuals clustering several demographic, clinical, and treatment factors. The phenotypic progression suggested herein underscores the need for coordinated early detection and intervention to prevent or delay syndromal MDD, or to minimize its severity and associated impairment over time. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Major depressive disorder nationallicence Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder nationallicence Conduct disorder nationallicence Anxiety disorder nationallicence Obesity nationallicence Jerrell Jeanette Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 15 Medical Park, Suite 301, 29203, Columbia, SC, USA aut McIntyre Roger Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada aut Park Yong-Moon Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, USA aut European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/1(2015-01-01), 65-73 1018-8827 24:1<65 2015 24 787 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0541-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0541-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jerrell Jeanette Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 15 Medical Park, Suite 301, 29203, Columbia, SC, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- McIntyre Roger Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Park Yong-Moon Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/1(2015-01-01), 65-73 1018-8827 24:1<65 2015 24 787