caa a22 4500 605477477 CHVBK 20210128100401.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00787-014-0604-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00787-014-0604-1 Multilevel analysis of ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms aggregation in families [Elektronische Daten] [Daniel Segenreich, Marina Paez, Maria Regalla, Dídia Fortes, Stephen Faraone, Joseph Sergeant, Paulo Mattos] A strong genetic role in the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated by several studies using different methodologies. Shortcomings of genetic studies often include the lack of golden standard practices for diagnosis for ADHD, the use of categorical instead of a dimensional approach, and the disregard for assortative mating phenomenon in parents. The current study aimed to overcome these shortcomings and analyze data through a novel statistical approach, using multilevel analyses with Bayesian procedures and a specific mathematical model, which takes into account data with an elevated number of zero responses (expected in samples with few or no ADHD symptoms). Correlations of parental clinical variables (ADHD, anxiety and depression) to offspring psychopathology may vary according to gender and type of symptoms. We aimed to investigate how those variables interact within each other. One hundred families, comprising a proband child or adolescent with ADHD or a typically developing child or adolescent were included and all family members (both biological parents, the proband child or adolescent and their sibling) were examined through semi-structured interviews using DSM-IV criteria. Results indicated that: (a) maternal clinical variables (ADHD, anxiety and depression) were more correlated with offspring variables than paternal ones; (b) maternal inattention (but not hyperactivity) was correlated with both inattention and hyperactivity in the offspring; (c) maternal anxiety was correlated with offspring inattention; on the other hand, maternal inattention was correlated with anxiety in the offspring. Although a family study design limits the possibility of revealing causality and cannot disentangle genetic and environmental factors, our findings suggest that ADHD, anxiety and depression are variables that correlate in families and should be addressed together. Maternal variables significantly correlated with offspring variables, but the paternal variables did not. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Attention-deficit disorder nationallicence ADHD nationallicence Genetic epidemiology nationallicence Multilevel analyses nationallicence Segenreich Daniel Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut Paez Marina Department of Statistical Methods, Mathematics Institute (IM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, Brazil aut Regalla Maria Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut Fortes Dídia Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut Faraone Stephen Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA aut Sergeant Joseph Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Mattos Paulo Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/5(2015-05-01), 525-536 1018-8827 24:5<525 2015 24 787 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0604-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0604-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Segenreich Daniel Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Paez Marina Department of Statistical Methods, Mathematics Institute (IM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Regalla Maria Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fortes Dídia Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Faraone Stephen Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sergeant Joseph Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mattos Paulo Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria 445, Room 903, 22270-005, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/5(2015-05-01), 525-536 1018-8827 24:5<525 2015 24 787