caa a22 4500 605477493 CHVBK 20210128100401.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00787-014-0612-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00787-014-0612-1 Prevalence and diagnostic validity of motivational impairments and deficits in visuospatial short-term memory and working memory in ADHD subtypes [Elektronische Daten] [Sebastiaan Dovis, Saskia Van der Oord, Hilde Huizenga, Reinout Wiers, Pier Prins] Deficits in working memory (WM) and reinforcement sensitivity are thought to give rise to symptoms in the combined (ADHD-C) and inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) of ADHD. Children with ADHD are especially impaired on visuospatial WM, which is composed of short-term memory (STM) and a central executive. Although deficits in visuospatial WM and reinforcement sensitivity appear characteristic of children with ADHD on a group-level, the prevalence and diagnostic validity of these impairments is still largely unknown. Moreover, studies investigating this did not control for the interaction between motivational impairments and cognitive performance in children with ADHD, and did not differentiate between ADHD subtypes. Visuospatial WM and STM tasks were administered in a standard (feedback-only) and a high-reinforcement (feedback+10 euros) condition, to 86 children with ADHD-C, 27 children with ADHD-I (restrictive subtype), and 62 typically developing controls (aged 8-12). Reinforcement sensitivity was indexed as the difference in performance between the reinforcement conditions. WM and STM impairments were most prevalent in ADHD-C. In ADHD-I, only WM impairments, not STM impairments, were more prevalent than in controls. Motivational impairments were not common (22% impaired) and equally prevalent in both subtypes. Memory and motivation were found to represent independent neuropsychological domains. Impairment on WM, STM, and/or motivation was associated with more inattention symptoms, medication-use, and lower IQ scores. Similar results were found for analyses of diagnostic validity. The majority of children with ADHD-C is impaired on visuospatial WM. In ADHD-I, STM impairments are not more common than in controls. Within both ADHD subtypes only a minority has an abnormal sensitivity to reinforcement. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 ADHD subtypes nationallicence Working memory nationallicence Reinforcement nationallicence Reward nationallicence Dovis Sebastiaan Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Van der Oord Saskia Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Huizenga Hilde Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Wiers Reinout Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Prins Pier Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/5(2015-05-01), 575-590 1018-8827 24:5<575 2015 24 787 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0612-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0612-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dovis Sebastiaan Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van der Oord Saskia Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huizenga Hilde Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wiers Reinout Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prins Pier Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Springer Berlin Heidelberg 24/5(2015-05-01), 575-590 1018-8827 24:5<575 2015 24 787