caa a22 4500 605478732 CHVBK 20210128100407.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10741-015-9509-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10741-015-9509-4 Myocardial interstitial remodelling in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance [Elektronische Daten] [Andrea Barison, Chrysanthos Grigoratos, Giancarlo Todiere, Giovanni Aquaro] Myocardial remodelling involves not only the myocytes, but also non-myocyte cells and the extracellular matrix, which constitutes around 6% of the normal heart and includes fluid, collagen and glycoproteins. In non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the cardiac interstitium increases as a result of diffuse interstitial (microscopic) fibrosis, post-necrotic replacement (macroscopic) fibrosis or myocardial oedema. The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a major determinant of fibroblasts activation and collagen deposition, with the transforming growth factor β as the downstream signal mediator. Endomyocardial biopsy still represents the current reference method for interstitial and replacement myocardial fibrosis assessment, but cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows in vivo detection of macroscopic fibrosis with post-contrast late enhancement imaging. Moreover, recent pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping techniques provide a quantitative estimation of myocardial interstitial remodelling, with potential diagnostic and prognostic clinical utility. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial interstitial remodelling in DCM, its non-invasive characterization with biomarkers and with CMR, as well as the most recent studies about their clinical utility. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Dilated cardiomyopathy nationallicence Fibrosis nationallicence Interstitium nationallicence Remodelling nationallicence Magnetic resonance nationallicence Late enhancement nationallicence T1 mapping nationallicence T2 mapping nationallicence CMR : Cardiovascular magnetic resonance nationallicence DCM : Dilated cardiomyopathy nationallicence ECV : Extracellular volume nationallicence LGE : Late gadolinium enhancement nationallicence LV : Left ventricular nationallicence MMP : Matrix metalloproteinase nationallicence MOLLI : Modified look-locker inversion recovery nationallicence NT-proBNP : N-terminal fragment of the pro-brain natriuretic peptide nationallicence ShMOLLI : Shortened modified look-locker inversion recovery nationallicence TGF-β : Transforming growth factor beta nationallicence TNF-α : Tumour necrosis factor alpha nationallicence Barison Andrea Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut Grigoratos Chrysanthos Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut Todiere Giancarlo Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut Aquaro Giovanni Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/6(2015-11-01), 731-749 1382-4147 20:6<731 2015 20 10741 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9509-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9509-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Barison Andrea Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grigoratos Chrysanthos Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Todiere Giancarlo Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aquaro Giovanni Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/6(2015-11-01), 731-749 1382-4147 20:6<731 2015 20 10741