caa a22 4500 605479089 CHVBK 20210128100408.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10741-015-9492-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10741-015-9492-9 Review and status report of pediatric left ventricular systolic strain and strain rate nomograms [Elektronische Daten] [Massimiliano Cantinotti, Shelby Kutty, Raffaele Giordano, Nadia Assanta, Bruno Murzi, Maura Crocetti, Marco Marotta, Giorgio Iervasi] Interest in strain (ε) and strain rate (SR) for the assessment of pediatric left ventricular (LV) myocardial function has increased. However, the strengths and limitations of published pediatric nomograms have not been critically evaluated. A literature search was conducted accessing the National Library of Medicine using the keywords myocardial velocity, strain, strain rate, pediatric, reference values, and nomograms. Adding the following keywords, the results were further refined: neonates, infants, adolescents, range/intervals, and speckle tracking. Ten published studies evaluating myocardial velocities, ε, or SR nomograms were analyzed. Sample sizes were limited in most of these studies, particularly in terms of neonates. Heterogeneous methods—tissue Doppler imaging, two- and three-dimensional speckle tracking—were used to perform and normalize measurements. Although most studies adjusted measurements for age, classification by specific age subgroups varied. Few studies addressed the relationships of ε and SR measurements to body size and heart rate. Data have been generally expressed by mean values and standard deviations; Z scores and percentiles that are commonly employed for pediatric echocardiographic quantification have been never used. Reference values for ε and SR were found to be reproducible in older children; however, they varied significantly in neonates and infants. Pediatric nomograms for LV ε and SR are limited by (a) small sample sizes, (b) inconsistent methodology used for derivation and normalization, and (c) scarcity of neonatal data. Some of the studies demonstrate reproducible patterns for systolic deformation in older children. There is need for comprehensive nomograms of myocardial ε and SR involving a large population of normal children obtained using standardized methodology. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Echocardiography nationallicence Children nationallicence Myocardial strain nationallicence A : Apical nationallicence AFW : Apical free wall nationallicence AS : Apical septum nationallicence AL : Apical lateral nationallicence B : Basal nationallicence BS : Basal septum nationallicence BFW : Basal free wall nationallicence BL : Basal lateral nationallicence BI : Basal inferior nationallicence BSA : Body surface area nationallicence CHD : Congenital heart disease nationallicence ε : Strain nationallicence GCS : Global circumferential strain nationallicence GSL : Global longitudinal peak systolic strain nationallicence GRS : Global radial strain nationallicence LV : Left ventricle nationallicence LS : Longitudinal strain nationallicence M : Mid nationallicence MS : Mid-septum nationallicence ML : Mid-lateral nationallicence MFW : Middle free wall nationallicence RV : Right ventricle nationallicence S : Septal nationallicence SR : Strain rate nationallicence syst : Systolic nationallicence TDI : Tissue Doppler imaging nationallicence 2DSTE : Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography nationallicence Cantinotti Massimiliano Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Kutty Shelby College of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA aut Giordano Raffaele Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Assanta Nadia Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Murzi Bruno Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Crocetti Maura Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Marotta Marco Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut Iervasi Giorgio Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy aut Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/5(2015-09-01), 601-612 1382-4147 20:5<601 2015 20 10741 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9492-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9492-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cantinotti Massimiliano Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kutty Shelby College of Medicine, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Giordano Raffaele Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Assanta Nadia Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Murzi Bruno Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Crocetti Maura Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marotta Marco Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Ospedale del Cuore, via Aurelia Sud, 54100, Massa, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iervasi Giorgio Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/5(2015-09-01), 601-612 1382-4147 20:5<601 2015 20 10741