caa a22 4500 605479151 CHVBK 20210128100408.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4 Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling proteins in the failing heart [Elektronische Daten] [Alexander Akhmedov, Vitalyi Rybin, José Marín-García] Despite significant progress in cardiovascular medicine, myocardial ischemia and infarction, progressing eventually to the final end point heart failure (HF), remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. HF is a complex syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment in ventricular filling or blood ejection. Ultimately, the heart's inability to supply the body's tissues with enough blood may lead to death. Mechanistically, the hallmarks of the failing heart include abnormal energy metabolism, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defects in excitation-contraction coupling. HF is a highly dynamic pathological process, and observed alterations in cardiac metabolism and function depend on the disease progression. In the early stages, cardiac remodeling characterized by normal or slightly increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation plays a compensatory, cardioprotective role. However, upon progression of HF, FA oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative activity are decreased, resulting in a significant drop in cardiac ATP levels. In HF, as a compensatory response to decreased oxidative metabolism, glucose uptake and glycolysis are upregulated, but this upregulation is not sufficient to compensate for a drop in ATP production. Elevated mitochondrial ROS generation and ROS-mediated damage, when they overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce heart injury and contribute to the progression of HF. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which promote proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, have emerged as essential regulators of mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory activity and ROS generation. Although the physiological role of UCP2 and UCP3, expressed in the heart, has not been clearly established, increasing evidence suggests that these proteins by promoting mild uncoupling could reduce mitochondrial ROS generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ameliorate thereby myocardial function. Further investigation on the alterations in cardiac UCP activity and regulation will advance our understanding of their physiological roles in the healthy and diseased heart and also may facilitate the development of novel and more efficient therapies. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Heart failure nationallicence Energy metabolism nationallicence Mitochondria nationallicence Reactive oxygen species nationallicence Proton leak nationallicence Uncoupling proteins nationallicence Akhmedov Alexander The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut Rybin Vitalyi The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut Marín-García José The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/2(2015-03-01), 227-249 1382-4147 20:2<227 2015 20 10741 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-014-9457-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Akhmedov Alexander The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rybin Vitalyi The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Marín-García José The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Avenue, 08904, Highland Park, NJ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Heart Failure Reviews Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 20/2(2015-03-01), 227-249 1382-4147 20:2<227 2015 20 10741