caa a22 4500 605485674 CHVBK 20210128100442.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10551-013-2030-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10551-013-2030-6 Competing Against the Unknown: The Impact of Enabling and Constraining Institutions on the Informal Economy [Elektronische Daten] [B. Mathias, Sean Lux, T. Russell Crook, Chad Autry, Russell Zaretzki] In addition to facing the known competitors in the formal economy, entrepreneurs must also be concerned with rivalry emanating from the informal economy. The informal economy is characterized by actions outside the normal scope of commerce, such as unsanctioned payments and gift-giving, as means of influencing competition. Scholars and policy makers alike have an interest in mitigating the impacts of such informal activity in that it might present an obstacle for legitimate commerce. Received theory suggests that country institutions can enable and constrain productive activity, and, in doing so, influence competitive obstacles in a country. Leveraging 13,670 responses from entrepreneurs distributed across 59 countries, we provide evidence that two particular types of enabling institutions, countries' property rights regulations and cooperative actions, are useful for lowering the obstacles presented by informal activity. We also find evidence that two constraining institutions, economic and financial regulations lead to more obstacles presented by informal activity. We describe implications for entrepreneurs, policy makers, and future researchers stemming from these findings. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2014 Institutional theory nationallicence Informal activity nationallicence Mathias B. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Lux Sean Center for Entrepreneurship, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSN 3403, 33620, Tampa, FL, USA aut Russell Crook T. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Autry Chad Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Zaretzki Russell Department of Statistics and Operations Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut Journal of Business Ethics Springer Netherlands 127/2(2015-03-01), 251-264 0167-4544 127:2<251 2015 127 10551 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2030-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2030-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mathias B. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lux Sean Center for Entrepreneurship, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BSN 3403, 33620, Tampa, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Russell Crook T. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Autry Chad Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zaretzki Russell Department of Statistics and Operations Management, College of Business Administration, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Business Ethics Springer Netherlands 127/2(2015-03-01), 251-264 0167-4544 127:2<251 2015 127 10551