caa a22 4500 60549357X CHVBK 20210128100521.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00261-015-0453-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00261-015-0453-5 Imaging of adrenal and renal hemorrhage [Elektronische Daten] [Nancy Hammond, Antonella Lostumbo, Sharon Adam, Erick Remer, Paul Nikolaidis, Vahid Yaghmai, Senta Berggruen, Frank Miller] Hemorrhage of the kidneys and adrenal glands has many etiologies. In the adrenal glands, trauma, anticoagulation, stress, sepsis, surgery, and neoplasms are common causes of hemorrhage. In the kidneys, reasons for hemorrhage include trauma, bleeding diathesis, vascular diseases, infection, infarction, hemorrhagic cyst rupture, the Antopol-Goldman lesion, and neoplasms. Angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma are the neoplasms most commonly associated with hemorrhage in the kidneys and adrenal cortical carcinoma, metastases, and pheochromocytoma are associated with hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Understanding the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features, and causes of hemorrhage in the kidneys and adrenal glands is critical. It is also important to keep in mind that mimickers of hemorrhage exist, including lymphoma in both the kidneys and adrenal glands, and melanoma metastases in the adrenal glands. Appropriate imaging follow-up of renal and adrenal hemorrhage should occur to exclude an underlying malignancy as the cause. If there is suspicion for malignancy that cannot be definitively diagnosed on imaging, surgery or biopsy may be warranted. Angiography may be indicated when there is a suspected underlying vascular disease. Unnecessary intervention, such as nephrectomy, may be avoided in patients with benign causes or no underlying disease. Appropriate management is dependent on accurate diagnosis of the cause of renal or adrenal hemorrhage and it is incumbent upon the radiologist to determine the etiology. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Renal nationallicence Adrenal nationallicence Hemorrhage nationallicence Magnetic resonance imaging nationallicence Computed tomography nationallicence Hammond Nancy Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Lostumbo Antonella Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Adam Sharon Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Remer Erick Section of Abdominal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue-A21, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA aut Nikolaidis Paul Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Yaghmai Vahid Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Berggruen Senta Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Miller Frank Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut Abdominal Imaging Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/7(2015-10-01), 2747-2760 0942-8925 40:7<2747 2015 40 261 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0453-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0453-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hammond Nancy Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lostumbo Antonella Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Adam Sharon Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Remer Erick Section of Abdominal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue-A21, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nikolaidis Paul Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yaghmai Vahid Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Berggruen Senta Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miller Frank Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair, Suite 800, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Abdominal Imaging Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/7(2015-10-01), 2747-2760 0942-8925 40:7<2747 2015 40 261