caa a22 4500 605497524 CHVBK 20210128100541.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10441-015-9257-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10441-015-9257-9 A Solution to the Biodiversity Paradox by Logical Deterministic Cellular Automata [Elektronische Daten] [Lev Kalmykov, Vyacheslav Kalmykov] The paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. The principle is important as the basis for ecological theory. On a relatively simple model we show a mechanism of indefinite coexistence of complete competitors which violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle. This mechanism is based on timely recovery of limiting resources and their spatio-temporal allocation between competitors. Because of limitations of the black-box modeling there was a problem to formulate the exclusion principle correctly. Our white-box multiscale model of two-species competition is based on logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata. This approach provides an automatic deductive inference on the basis of a system of axioms, and gives a direct insight into mechanisms of the studied system. It is one of the most promising methods of artificial intelligence. We reformulate and generalize the competitive exclusion principle and explain why this formulation provides a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we propose a principle of competitive coexistence. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Cellular automata nationallicence Population dynamics nationallicence Resource competition nationallicence Complex systems nationallicence Multiscale modeling nationallicence Artificial intelligence nationallicence Kalmykov Lev Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation aut Kalmykov Vyacheslav Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation aut Acta Biotheoretica Springer Netherlands 63/2(2015-06-01), 203-221 0001-5342 63:2<203 2015 63 10441 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-015-9257-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10441-015-9257-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kalmykov Lev Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kalmykov Vyacheslav Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Acta Biotheoretica Springer Netherlands 63/2(2015-06-01), 203-221 0001-5342 63:2<203 2015 63 10441