caa a22 4500 605498857 CHVBK 20210128100548.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8 Biochemical properties of retinoid-converting enzymes and biotechnological production of retinoids [Elektronische Daten] [Seung-Hye Hong, Kyoung-Rok Kim, Deok-Kun Oh] Retinoids are a class of compounds that are forms of vitamin A and include retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, and retinyl ester. Retinal is involved in visual cycle, retinol has anti-infective, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-wrinkle functions, and retinoic acid is used to treat acne and cancer. Retinol, retinoic acid, and retinyl ester are used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this article, the biochemical properties and active sites and reaction mechanisms of retinoid-converting enzymes in animals and bacteria, including retinol dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, aldo-keto reductase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, are reviewed. The production of retinoids, using retinoid-producing enzymes and metabolically engineered cells, is also described. Uncharacterized bacterial proteins are suggested as retinoid-converting enzymes, and the production of retinoids using metabolically engineered cells is proposed as a feasible method. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Retinoids nationallicence Retinoid-converting enzyme nationallicence Biotransformation nationallicence Enzyme characterization nationallicence Hong Seung-Hye Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Kim Kyoung-Rok Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Oh Deok-Kun Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/19(2015-10-01), 7813-7826 0175-7598 99:19<7813 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6830-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hong Seung-Hye Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kim Kyoung-Rok Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oh Deok-Kun Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 143-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/19(2015-10-01), 7813-7826 0175-7598 99:19<7813 2015 99 253