caa a22 4500 605499756 CHVBK 20210128100552.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-014-6207-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-014-6207-4 Degradation of intact chicken feathers by Thermoactinomyces sp. CDF and characterization of its keratinolytic protease [Elektronische Daten] [Liyuan Wang, Guyue Cheng, Yuxia Ren, Zheng Dai, Zhong-Shu Zhao, Feng Liu, Shiyong Li, Yahan Wei, Jing Xiong, Xiao-Feng Tang, Bing Tang] Thermoactinomyces is known for its resistance to extreme environmental conditions and its ability to digest a wide range of hard-to-degrade compounds. Here, Thermoactinomyces sp. strain CDF isolated from soil was found to completely degrade intact chicken feathers at 55°C, with the resulting degradation products sufficient to support growth as the primary source of both carbon and nitrogen. Although feathers were not essential for the expression of keratinase, the use of this substrate led to a further 50-300% increase in enzyme production level under different nutrition conditions, with extracellular keratinolytic activity reaching its highest level (∼400U/mL) during the late-log phase. Full degradation of feathers required the presence of living cells, which are thought to supply reducing agents necessary for the cleavage of keratin disulfide bonds. Direct contact between the hyphae and substrate may enhance the reducing power and protease concentrations present in the local microenvironment, thereby facilitating keratin degradation. The gene encoding the major keratinolytic protease (protease C2) of strain CDF was cloned, revealing an amino acid sequence identical to that of subtilisin-like E79 protease from Thermoactinomyces sp. E79, albeit with significant differences in the upstream flanking region. Exogenous expression of protease C2 in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of inclusion bodies with proteolytic activity, which could be solubilized to an alkaline solution to produce mature protease C2. Purified protease C2 was able to efficiently hydrolyze α- and β-keratins at 60-80°C and pH 11.0, representing a promising candidate for enzymatic processing of hard-to-degrade proteins such as keratinous wastes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Thermophile nationallicence Keratinase nationallicence Subtilisin nationallicence Feather nationallicence Inclusion bodies nationallicence Wang Liyuan State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Cheng Guyue State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Ren Yuxia State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Dai Zheng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Zhao Zhong-Shu State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Liu Feng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Li Shiyong State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Wei Yahan State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Xiong Jing State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Tang Xiao-Feng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Tang Bing State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/9(2015-05-01), 3949-3959 0175-7598 99:9<3949 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6207-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6207-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Liyuan State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cheng Guyue State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ren Yuxia State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dai Zheng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhao Zhong-Shu State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Feng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Shiyong State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wei Yahan State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Xiong Jing State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tang Xiao-Feng State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tang Bing State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/9(2015-05-01), 3949-3959 0175-7598 99:9<3949 2015 99 253