caa a22 4500 605499969 CHVBK 20210128100553.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6539-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6539-8 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with fulleropyrrolidine: photoinactivation mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus , in vitro and in vivo studies [Elektronische Daten] [Mariusz Grinholc, Joanna Nakonieczna, Grzegorz Fila, Aleksandra Taraszkiewicz, Anna Kawiak, Grzegorz Szewczyk, Tadeusz Sarna, Lothar Lilge, Krzysztof Bielawski] A family of N-methylpyrrolidinium fullerene iodide salts has been intensively studied to determine their applicability in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). This study examined in vitro the efficacy of a C60 fullerene functionalized with one methylpyrrolidinium group to kill upon irradiation with white light gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungal cells, and the corresponding mechanism of the fullerene bactericidal action. The in vitro studies revealed that the high antistaphylococcal efficacy of functionalized fullerene could be linked to their ability to photogenerate singlet oxygen and superoxide anion. Following Staphylococcus aureus photoinactivation, no modifications of its genomic DNA were detected. In contrast, photodamage of the cell envelope seemed to be a dominant mechanism of bactericidal action. In in vivo studies, a 2 log10 reduction in the average bioluminescent radiance between treated and non-treated mice was reached. One day post APDT treatment, moist and abundant growth of bacteria could be observed on wounds of non-fulleropyrrolidine and dark control mice. APDT-treated wounds stayed visibly clear up to the third day. Moreover, cytotoxicity test on human dermal keratinocytes revealed great safety of using the sensitizer toward eukaryotic cells. These data indicate potential application of functionalized fullerene as antistaphylococcal sensitizer for superficial infections. The Author(s), 2015 Cytotoxicity nationallicence Fulleropyrrolidine nationallicence Mouse model nationallicence Photoinactivation nationallicence Staphylococcus aureus nationallicence Wound infection nationallicence Grinholc Mariusz Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Nakonieczna Joanna Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Fila Grzegorz Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Taraszkiewicz Aleksandra Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Kawiak Anna Department of Biotechnology, Division of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Szewczyk Grzegorz Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland aut Sarna Tadeusz Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland aut Lilge Lothar Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, 101 College Street 15-301, M5G 1 L7, Toronto, ON, Canada aut Bielawski Krzysztof Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/9(2015-05-01), 4031-4043 0175-7598 99:9<4031 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6539-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6539-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Grinholc Mariusz Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nakonieczna Joanna Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fila Grzegorz Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Taraszkiewicz Aleksandra Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kawiak Anna Department of Biotechnology, Division of Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Szewczyk Grzegorz Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sarna Tadeusz Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lilge Lothar Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, 101 College Street 15-301, M5G 1 L7, Toronto, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bielawski Krzysztof Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/9(2015-05-01), 4031-4043 0175-7598 99:9<4031 2015 99 253