caa a22 4500 605501327 CHVBK 20210128100600.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6688-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6688-9 Effect of temperature on removal of antibiotic resistance genes by anaerobic digestion of activated sludge revealed by metagenomic approach [Elektronische Daten] [Tong Zhang, Ying Yang, Amy Pruden] As antibiotic resistance continues to spread globally, there is growing interest in the potential to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from wastewater sources. In particular, operational conditions during sludge digestion may serve to discourage selection of resistant bacteria, reduce horizontal transfer of ARGs, and aid in hydrolysis of DNA. This study applied metagenomic analysis to examine the removal efficiency of ARGs through thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion using bench-scale reactors. Although the relative abundance of various ARGs shifted from influent to effluent sludge, there was no measureable change in the abundance of total ARGs or their diversity in either the thermophilic or mesophilic treatment. Among the 35 major ARG subtypes detected in feed sludge, substantial reductions (removal efficiency >90%) of 8 and 13 ARGs were achieved by thermophilic and mesophilic digestion, respectively. However, resistance genes of aadA, macB, and sul1 were enriched during the thermophilic anaerobic digestion, while resistance genes of erythromycin esterase type I, sul1, and tetM were enriched during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Efflux pump remained to be the major antibiotic resistance mechanism in sludge samples, but the portion of ARGs encoding resistance via target modification increased in the anaerobically digested sludge relative to the feed. Metagenomic analysis provided insight into the potential for anaerobic digestion to mitigate a broad array of ARGs. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Antibiotic resistance genes nationallicence Thermophilic anaerobic digestion nationallicence Mesophilic anaerobic digestion nationallicence Metagenomic analysis nationallicence Zhang Tong Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China aut Yang Ying Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China aut Pruden Amy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/18(2015-09-01), 7771-7779 0175-7598 99:18<7771 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6688-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6688-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Tong Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yang Ying Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pruden Amy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/18(2015-09-01), 7771-7779 0175-7598 99:18<7771 2015 99 253