caa a22 4500 605501351 CHVBK 20210128100600.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6821-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6821-9 Heparin and related polysaccharides: synthesis using recombinant enzymes and metabolic engineering [Elektronische Daten] [Matthew Suflita, Li Fu, Wenqin He, Mattheos Koffas, Robert Linhardt] Glycosaminoglycans are linear anionic polysaccharides that exhibit a number of important biological and pharmacological activities. The two most prominent members of this class of polysaccharides are heparin/heparan sulfate and the chondroitin sulfates (including dermatan sulfate). These polysaccharides, having complex structures and polydispersity, are biosynthesized in the Golgi of most animal cells. The chemical synthesis of these glycosaminoglycans is precluded by their structural complexity. Today, we depend on food animal tissues for their isolation and commercial production. Ton quantities of these glycosaminoglycans are used annually as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. The variability of animal-sourced glycosaminoglycans, their inherent impurities, the limited availability of source tissues, the poor control of these source materials, and their manufacturing processes suggest a need for new approaches for their production. Over the past decade, there have been major efforts in the biotechnological production of these glycosaminoglycans. This mini-review focuses on the use of recombinant enzymes and metabolic engineering for the production of heparin and chondroitin sulfates. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Glycosaminoglycans nationallicence Chemoenzymatic nationallicence Metabolic engineering nationallicence Recombinant enzymes nationallicence Heparin nationallicence Chondroitin sulfate nationallicence Sulfotransferases nationallicence Glycosyltransferases nationallicence PAPS nationallicence Suflita Matthew Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut Fu Li Department of Chemistry and Chemical, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut He Wenqin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut Koffas Mattheos Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut Linhardt Robert Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/18(2015-09-01), 7465-7479 0175-7598 99:18<7465 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6821-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6821-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Suflita Matthew Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fu Li Department of Chemistry and Chemical, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- He Wenqin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Koffas Mattheos Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Linhardt Robert Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 121806, Troy, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/18(2015-09-01), 7465-7479 0175-7598 99:18<7465 2015 99 253