caa a22 4500 60550346X CHVBK 20210128100611.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-014-6181-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-014-6181-x Dynamics of biomass composition and growth during recovery of nitrogen-starved Chromochloris zofingiensis [Elektronische Daten] [Kim Mulders, Packo Lamers, René Wijffels, Dirk Martens] The effect of nitrogen replenishment on the kinetics of secondary carotenoids, triacylglycerol (TAG) and primary cell components was studied in nitrogen-starved Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyta), an oleaginous and carotenogenic microalga. Nitrogen resupplied after a period of starvation was initially consumed at a more than four times higher rate than in an equivalent nitrogen-replete culture. Simultaneously, chlorophylls, primary carotenoids, polar (membrane) lipids and proteins were rapidly produced. After 2days, the contents of these primary metabolites, as well as the nitrogen consumption rate and the overall biomass production rate, had returned to values equivalent to those of cells grown under nitrogen-replete conditions, indicating that culture recovery required 2days. Nitrogen resupply was immediately followed by rapid degradation of TAG and starch, suggesting that these metabolites served as carbon and energy source for the recovery process. Also, the secondary carotenoids canthaxanthin and ketolutein were rapidly degraded upon nitrogen resupply, whereas degradation of astaxanthin, the main secondary carotenoid, started only when the cells were fully recovered 2days after nitrogen resupply. This is the first time that such culture recovery has been described in detail and, moreover, that astaxanthin was found to be not immediately degraded after nitrogen resupply. The observed rapid recovery of C. zofingiensis and the delay in astaxanthin degradation suggest that a repeated batch cultivation may result in a higher secondary carotenoid productivity than a series of classical single batch cultivations. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Astaxanthin nationallicence Carotenoids nationallicence Chromochloris zofingiensis nationallicence Nitrogen resupply nationallicence Triacylglycerol (TAG) nationallicence Recovery nationallicence Mulders Kim Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Lamers Packo Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Wijffels René Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Martens Dirk Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/4(2015-02-01), 1873-1884 0175-7598 99:4<1873 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6181-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6181-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mulders Kim Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lamers Packo Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wijffels René Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martens Dirk Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/4(2015-02-01), 1873-1884 0175-7598 99:4<1873 2015 99 253