caa a22 4500 605504458 CHVBK 20210128100616.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6 Production and applications of rosmarinic acid and structurally related compounds [Elektronische Daten] [Gun-Dong Kim, Yong Park, Young-Ho Jin, Cheung-Seog Park] Rosmarinic acid (α-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid; RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound commonly found in species of the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae, such as Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Perilla frutescens. RA is biosynthesized from the amino acids l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine by eight enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. RA can also be chemically produced by the esterification of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. RA and its numerous derivatives containing one or two RA with other aromatic moieties are well known and include lithospermic acid, yunnaneic acid, salvianolic acid, and melitric acid. Recently, RA and its derivatives have attracted interest for their biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial functions. Clinically, RA attenuates T cell receptor-mediated signaling, attenuates allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and asthma, and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, protects from neurotoxicity, and slows the development of Alzheimer's disease. These attributes have increased the demand for the biotechnological production and application of RA and its derivatives. The present review discusses the function and application of RA and its derivatives including the molecular mechanisms underlying clinical efficacy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Rosmarinic acid nationallicence Lamiaceae nationallicence Lithospermic acid nationallicence Kim Gun-Dong Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Park Yong Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Jin Young-Ho Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Park Cheung-Seog Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/5(2015-03-01), 2083-2092 0175-7598 99:5<2083 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kim Gun-Dong Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Park Yong Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jin Young-Ho Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Park Cheung-Seog Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, 130-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/5(2015-03-01), 2083-2092 0175-7598 99:5<2083 2015 99 253