caa a22 4500 605506159 CHVBK 20210128100625.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6416-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6416-5 Increased levels of antibiotic resistance in urban stream of Jiulongjiang River, China [Elektronische Daten] [Wei-Ying Ouyang, Fu-Yi Huang, Yi Zhao, Hu Li, Jian-Qiang Su] The rapid global urbanization and other extensive anthropogenic activities exacerbated the worldwide human health risks induced by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Knowledge of the origins and dissemination of ARGs is essential for understanding modern resistome, while little information is known regarding the overall resistance levels in urban river. In this study, the abundance of multi-resistant bacteria (MRB) and ARGs was investigated using culture-based method and high-throughput qPCR in water samples collected from urban stream and source of Jiulongjiang River, China, respectively. The abundance of MRB (conferring resistance to three combinations of antibiotics and vancomycin) was significantly higher in urban samples. A total of 212 ARGs were detected among all the water samples, which encoded resistance to almost all major classes of antibiotics and encompassed major resistant mechanisms. The total abundance of ARGs in urban samples (ranging from 9.72 × 1010 to 1.03 × 1011 copies L−1) was over two orders of magnitude higher than that in pristine samples (7.18 × 108 copies L−1), accompanied with distinct ARGs structures, significantly higher diversity, and enrichment of ARGs. Significant correlations between the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were observed, implicating the potential of horizontal transfer of ARGs. High abundance and enrichment of diverse ARGs and MGEs detected in urban river provide evidence that anthropogenic activities are responsible for the emergence and dissemination of ARGs to the urban river and management options should be taken into account for minimizing the spread of ARGs. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Antibiotic resistance nationallicence Urbanization nationallicence Urban stream nationallicence High-throughput qPCR nationallicence Multi-resistant bacteria nationallicence Ouyang Wei-Ying Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut Huang Fu-Yi Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut Zhao Yi Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut Li Hu Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut Su Jian-Qiang Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/13(2015-07-01), 5697-5707 0175-7598 99:13<5697 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6416-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6416-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ouyang Wei-Ying Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huang Fu-Yi Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhao Yi Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Hu Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Su Jian-Qiang Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021, Xiamen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/13(2015-07-01), 5697-5707 0175-7598 99:13<5697 2015 99 253