caa a22 4500 60550668X CHVBK 20210128100628.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00253-015-6777-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00253-015-6777-9 Class IV polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases and PHA-producing Bacillus [Elektronische Daten] [Takeharu Tsuge, Manami Hyakutake, Kouhei Mizuno] This review highlights the recent investigations of class IV polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases, the newest classification of PHA synthases. Class IV synthases are prevalent in organisms of the Bacillus genus and are composed of a catalytic subunit PhaC (approximately 40kDa), which has a PhaC box sequence ([GS]-X-C-X-[GA]-G) at the active site, and a second subunit PhaR (approximately 20kDa). The representative PHA-producing Bacillus strains are Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus; the nucleotide sequence of phaC and the genetic organization of the PHA biosynthesis gene locus are somewhat different between these two strains. It is generally considered that class IV synthases favor short-chain-length monomers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (C4) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (C5) for polymerization, but can polymerize some unusual monomers as minor components. In Escherichia coli expressing PhaRC from B. cereus YB-4, the biosynthesized PHA undergoes synthase-catalyzed alcoholytic cleavage using endogenous and exogenous alcohols. This alcoholysis is thought to be shared among class IV synthases, and this reaction is useful not only for the regulation of PHA molecular weight but also for the modification of the PHA carboxy terminus. The novel properties of class IV synthases will open up the possibility for the design of new PHA materials. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Alcoholysis nationallicence Bacillus nationallicence Class IV nationallicence PhaC box nationallicence Polyhydroxyalkanoate nationallicence Terminal modification nationallicence Two-component synthase nationallicence Tsuge Takeharu Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, 226-8502, Yokohama, Japan aut Hyakutake Manami Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan aut Mizuno Kouhei Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Kitakyushu National College of Technology, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminami-ku, 802-0985, Kitakyushu, Japan aut Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/15(2015-08-01), 6231-6240 0175-7598 99:15<6231 2015 99 253 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6777-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6777-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tsuge Takeharu Department of Innovative and Engineered Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, 226-8502, Yokohama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hyakutake Manami Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mizuno Kouhei Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Kitakyushu National College of Technology, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminami-ku, 802-0985, Kitakyushu, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Berlin Heidelberg 99/15(2015-08-01), 6231-6240 0175-7598 99:15<6231 2015 99 253