caa a22 4500 60551058X CHVBK 20210128100646.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10877-014-9590-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10877-014-9590-6 Automation of anaesthesia: a review on multivariable control [Elektronische Daten] [Jing Chang, S. Syafiie, Raja Kamil, Thiam Lim] Anaesthesia is a multivariable problem where a combination of drugs are used to induce desired hypnotic, analgesia and immobility states. The automation of anaesthesia may improve the safety and cost-effectiveness of anaesthesia. However, the realization of a safe and reliable multivariable closed-loop control of anaesthesia is yet to be achieved due to a manifold of challenges. In this paper, several significant challenges in automation of anaesthesia are discussed, namely model uncertainty, controlled variables, closed-loop application and dependability. The increasingly reliable measurement device, robust and adaptive controller, and better fault tolerance strategy are paving the way for automation of anaesthesia. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Closed-loop anaesthesia nationallicence Model uncertainty nationallicence Fault-tolerant nationallicence MIMO nationallicence Depth of anaesthesia nationallicence Chang Jing Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut Syafiie S. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut Kamil Raja Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut Lim Thiam Anaesthesiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing Springer Netherlands 29/2(2015-04-01), 231-239 1387-1307 29:2<231 2015 29 10877 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-014-9590-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-014-9590-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chang Jing Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Syafiie S. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kamil Raja Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lim Thiam Anaesthesiology Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing Springer Netherlands 29/2(2015-04-01), 231-239 1387-1307 29:2<231 2015 29 10877