caa a22 4500 605514151 CHVBK 20210128100703.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00360-015-0886-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00360-015-0886-8 Embryonic critical windows: changes in incubation temperature alter survival, hatchling phenotype, and cost of development in lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) [Elektronische Daten] [Casey Mueller, John Eme, Richard Manzon, Christopher Somers, Douglas Boreham, Joanna Wilson] The timing, success and energetics of fish embryonic development are strongly influenced by temperature. However, it is unclear if there are developmental periods, or critical windows, when oxygen use, survival and hatchling phenotypic characteristics are particularly influenced by changes in the thermal environment. Therefore, we examined the effects of constant incubation temperature and thermal shifts on survival, hatchling phenotype, and cost of development in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos. We incubated whitefish embryos at control temperatures of 2, 5, or 8°C, and shifted embryos across these three temperatures at the end of gastrulation or organogenesis. We assessed hatch timing, mass at hatch, and yolk conversion efficiency (YCE). We determined cost of development, the amount of oxygen required to build a unit of mass, for the periods from fertilization-organogenesis, organogenesis-fin flutter, fin flutter-hatch, and for total development. An increase in incubation temperature decreased time to 50% hatch (164days at 2°C, 104 days at 5°C, and 63 days at 8°C), survival decreased from 55% at 2°C, to 38% at 5°C, and 17% at 8°C, and hatchling yolk-free dry mass decreased from 1.27mg at 2°C to 0.61mg at 8°C. Thermal shifts altered time to 50% hatch and hatchling yolk-free dry mass and revealed a critical window during gastrulation in which a temperature change reduced survival. YCE decreased and cost of development increased with increased incubation temperature, but embryos that hatched at 8°C and were incubated at colder temperatures during fertilization-organogenesis had reduced cost. The relationship between cost of development and temperature was altered during fin flutter-hatch, indicating it may be a critical window during which temperature has the greatest impact on energetic processes. The increase in cost of development with an increase in temperature has not been documented in other fishes and suggests whitefish embryos are more energy efficient at colder temperatures. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Cost of development nationallicence Critical window nationallicence Growth nationallicence Embryonic fish nationallicence Survival nationallicence Temperature nationallicence Mueller Casey Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut Eme John Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut Manzon Richard Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada aut Somers Christopher Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada aut Boreham Douglas Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada aut Wilson Joanna Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut Journal of Comparative Physiology B Springer Berlin Heidelberg 185/3(2015-04-01), 315-331 0174-1578 185:3<315 2015 185 360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-015-0886-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-015-0886-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mueller Casey Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eme John Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manzon Richard Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Somers Christopher Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boreham Douglas Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wilson Joanna Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, ON, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Comparative Physiology B Springer Berlin Heidelberg 185/3(2015-04-01), 315-331 0174-1578 185:3<315 2015 185 360