caa a22 4500 605518254 CHVBK 20210128100724.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00572-014-0615-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00572-014-0615-2 Tricholoma matsutake can absorb and accumulate trace elements directly from rock fragments in the shiro [Elektronische Daten] [Lu-Min Vaario, Taina Pennanen, Jinrong Lu, Jorma Palmén, Jarkko Stenman, Jussi Leveinen, Petri Kilpeläinen, Veikko Kitunen] Tricholoma matsutake, a highly valued delicacy in Japan and East Asia, is an ectomycorrhizal fungus typically found in a complex soil community of mycorrhizae, soil microbes, and host-tree roots referred to as the shiro in Japan. A curious characteristic of the shiro is an assortment of small rock fragments that have been implicated as a direct source of minerals and trace elements for the fungus. In this study, we measured the mineral content of 14 samples of shiro soil containing live matsutake mycelium and the extent to which the fungus can absorb minerals directly from the rock fragments. X-ray powder diffraction identified major phases of quartz, microcline, orthoclase, and albite in all shiro samples. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting and direct sequencing confirmed the presence of T. matsutake on 32 of 33 rock fragments. Piloderma sp. co-occurred on 40% of fragments and was positively correlated with locations known to produce good mushroom crops. The ability of T. matsutake to absorb trace elements directly from rock fragments was examined in vitro on nutrient-agar plates supplemented with rock fragments from the shiro. In comparison to the mineral content of tissues grown on control media, the concentration of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, and Zn increased from 1.1 to 106.4 times for both T. matsutake and Piloderma sp. Mineral content of dried sporocarps sampled from the study site partially reflected the results of the in vitro study. We discuss the implications of our results with respect to the natural development and artificial culture of this important fungus. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Ectomycorrhizal fungi nationallicence Minerals nationallicence Shiro nationallicence Tricholoma matsutake nationallicence Vaario Lu-Min Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut Pennanen Taina Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut Lu Jinrong Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut Palmén Jorma Aalto University, PL 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut Stenman Jarkko Finnish Natural History Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland aut Leveinen Jussi Aalto University, PL 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut Kilpeläinen Petri Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut Kitunen Veikko Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut Mycorrhiza Springer Berlin Heidelberg 25/5(2015-07-01), 325-334 0940-6360 25:5<325 2015 25 572 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-014-0615-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-014-0615-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vaario Lu-Min Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pennanen Taina Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lu Jinrong Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Palmén Jorma Aalto University, PL 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stenman Jarkko Finnish Natural History Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Leveinen Jussi Aalto University, PL 16200, 00076, Aalto, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kilpeläinen Petri Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kitunen Veikko Finnish Forest Research Institute, PL 18, 01301, Vantaa, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Mycorrhiza Springer Berlin Heidelberg 25/5(2015-07-01), 325-334 0940-6360 25:5<325 2015 25 572