caa a22 4500 605521115 CHVBK 20210128100738.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00223-014-9930-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00223-014-9930-z Characterizing the Composition of Bone Formed During Fracture Healing Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques [Elektronische Daten] [Christina Perdikouri, Magnus Tägil, Hanna Isaksson] About 5-10% of all bone fractures suffer from delayed healing, which may lead to non-union. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can be used to induce differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the formation of the bony callus, and bisphosphonates help to retain the newly formed callus. The aim of this study was to investigate if scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) can identify differences in the mineral composition of the newly formed bone compared to cortical bone from a non-fractured control. Moreover, we investigate whether the use of BMPs and bisphosphonates—alone or combined—may have an effect on bone mineralization and composition. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats at 9weeks of age were randomly divided into four groups and treated with (A) saline, (B) BMP-7, (C) bisphosphonates (Zoledronate), and (D) BMP-7+Zoledronate. The rats were sacrificed after 6weeks. All samples were imaged using SEM and chemically analyzed with EDS to quantify the amount of C, N, Ca, P, O, Na, and Mg. The Ca/P ratio was the primary outcome. In the fractured samples, two areas of interest were chosen for chemical analysis with EDS: the callus and the cortical bone. In the non-fractured samples, only the cortex was analyzed. Our results showed that the element composition varied to a small extent between the callus and the cortical bone in the fractured bones. However, the Ca/P ratio did not differ significantly, suggesting that the mineralization at all sites is similar 6weeks post-fracture in this rat model. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) nationallicence Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) nationallicence Callus nationallicence Fracture healing nationallicence BMPs nationallicence Bisphosphonates nationallicence Perdikouri Christina Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden aut Tägil Magnus Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden aut Isaksson Hanna Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden aut Calcified Tissue International Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 96/1(2015-01-01), 11-17 0171-967X 96:1<11 2015 96 223 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9930-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9930-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Perdikouri Christina Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tägil Magnus Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Isaksson Hanna Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Calcified Tissue International Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 96/1(2015-01-01), 11-17 0171-967X 96:1<11 2015 96 223