caa a22 4500 605526710 CHVBK 20210128100804.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-015-0894-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-015-0894-8 Trouwborst Arie Department of European & International Law, Tilburg Law School, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands aut Global large carnivore conservation and international law [Elektronische Daten] [Arie Trouwborst] International cooperation, including through international legal instruments, appears important for the conservation of large carnivores worldwide. This is due to, inter alia, the worrying conservation status and population trends of many large carnivore species; the importance of large carnivores for biodiversity conservation at large; their occurrence at low densities, with many populations extending across various countries; and the international nature of particular threats. For the 31 heaviest species in the order Carnivora, this study (i) documents to what extent existing international legal instruments contribute to large carnivore conservation, and (ii) identifies ways of optimizing their contribution in this regard. From this dual perspective, it reviews all global wildlife conservation treaties—Ramsar Wetlands Convention, World Heritage Convention, Convention on Trade in Endangered Species, Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)—and selected regional instruments, using standard international law research methodology. Results indicate that a substantial body of relevant international law already exists, whereas simultaneously there is clear potential for enhancing the contribution of international law to large carnivore conservation. Avenues for pursuing this include promotion of instruments' effective implementation; clarification of their precise implications for large carnivore conservation; development of formal guidance; expansion of instruments' scope in terms of species, sites and countries; and creation of new instruments. The CMS and CBD hold particular potential in some of these respects. The experiences being gained under European legal instruments constitute an interesting ‘laboratory' regarding human coexistence with expanding large carnivore populations and transboundary cooperation at the (sub)population level. The Author(s), 2015 Large carnivores nationallicence Transboundary cooperation nationallicence International law nationallicence Convention onInternational Trade in Endangered Species nationallicence Convention on Migratory Species nationallicence Convention on Biological Diversity nationallicence Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/7(2015-07-01), 1567-1588 0960-3115 24:7<1567 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0894-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0894-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Trouwborst Arie Department of European & International Law, Tilburg Law School, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/7(2015-07-01), 1567-1588 0960-3115 24:7<1567 2015 24 10531