caa a22 4500 605527172 CHVBK 20210128100807.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-014-0841-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-014-0841-0 Studying the demographic drivers of an increasing Imperial Eagle population to inform conservation management [Elektronische Daten] [Dimitar Demerdzhiev, Stoycho Stoychev, Dobromir Dobrev, Svetoslav Spasov, Steffen Oppel] Assessing whether conservation management actions are effective requires a good understanding of the demographic parameters that contribute to the population growth rate. Among the key demographic parameters influencing a population, immigration is one of the most difficult to measure empirically but may mask or accentuate the effects of conservation measures. We use an integrated population model to assess whether a population increase of a large raptor species can be explained by high fecundity and survival resulting from local conservation measures, or whether immigration may have contributed to population growth. We monitored the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) population in Bulgaria from 1998 to 2014, and tracked juveniles using satellite transmitters to estimate survival probability over the first three years of life. We used intensive territory monitoring of breeding birds to estimate survival probabilities and fecundity of birds older than 3years. The Imperial Eagle population in Bulgaria increased by about 11% per year between 1998 and 2014 (λ=1.111, 95% credible interval 1.076-1.156). While local conservation measures have succeeded in reducing nest loss and the mortality of adults (adult survival=0.924; 0.887-0.955), high mortality of juveniles during their first year of life resulted in only 12% of fledglings surviving to adult age. Based on these survival probabilities and the estimated fecundity of breeding pairs in Bulgaria (1.063; 0.932-1.203), some immigration may have contributed to the population growth in Bulgaria. Because the integrated population model accounts for all the uncertainty associated with disparate data sources, the estimated immigration rate was too imprecise (0.143-2.862 young birds per breeding pair) to quantify the relative importance of immigration. Future conservation measures for Imperial Eagles need to focus on improving the survival of juvenile birds, particularly the reduction of electrocution risk in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. European Union, 2014 Bulgaria nationallicence Bird of prey nationallicence Integrated population model nationallicence Bayesian nationallicence WinBUGS nationallicence Multi-state model nationallicence Demerdzhiev Dimitar Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut Stoychev Stoycho Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut Dobrev Dobromir Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut Spasov Svetoslav Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut Oppel Steffen RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SG19 2DL, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK aut Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/3(2015-03-01), 627-639 0960-3115 24:3<627 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0841-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0841-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Demerdzhiev Dimitar Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Stoychev Stoycho Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dobrev Dobromir Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Spasov Svetoslav Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds/BSPB, BirdLife Bulgaria, Yavorov complex, bl. 71, ent. 4, app. 1, Sofia, Bulgaria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Oppel Steffen RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, SG19 2DL, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/3(2015-03-01), 627-639 0960-3115 24:3<627 2015 24 10531