caa a22 4500 605527520 CHVBK 20210128100808.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-015-0882-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-015-0882-z Oren Aharon Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel aut Cyanobacteria in hypersaline environments: biodiversity and physiological properties [Elektronische Daten] [Aharon Oren] Within the cyanobacterial world there are many species adapted to life in hypersaline environments. Some can even grow at salt concentrations approaching NaCl saturation. Halophilic cyanobacteria often form dense mats in salt lakes, and on the bottom of solar saltern ponds, hypersaline lagoons, and saline sulfur springs, and they may be found in evaporite crusts of gypsum and halite. A wide range of species were reported to live at high salinities. These include unicellular types (Aphanothece halophytica and similar morphotypes described as Euhalothece and Halothece), as well as non-heterocystous filamentous species (Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes, species of Phormidium, Halospirulina tapeticola, Halomicronema excentricum, and others). Cyanobacterial diversity in high-salt environments has been explored using both classic, morphology-based taxonomy and molecular, small subunit rRNA sequence-based techniques. This paper reviews the diversity of the cyanobacterial communities in hypersaline environments worldwide, as well as the physiological adaptations that enable these cyanobacteria to grow at high salt concentrations. To withstand the high osmotic pressure of their surrounding medium, halophilic cyanobacteria accumulate organic solutes: glycine betaine is the preferred solute in the most salt-tolerant types; Coleofasciculus produces the heteroside glucosylglycerol, and the less salt-tolerant cyanobacteria generally accumulate the disaccharides sucrose and trehalose under salt stress. Some cyanobacteria growing in benthic mats in hypersaline environments are adapted to life under anoxic conditions and they can use sulfide as an alternative electron donor in an anoxygenic type of photosynthesis through a process which involves photosystem I only. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Cyanobacteria nationallicence Hypersaline salterns nationallicence Osmotic adaptation nationallicence Anoxygenic photosynthesis nationallicence Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 781-798 0960-3115 24:4<781 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0882-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0882-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Oren Aharon Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 781-798 0960-3115 24:4<781 2015 24 10531