caa a22 4500 605527571 CHVBK 20210128100809.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-015-0888-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-015-0888-6 Species concepts and speciation factors in cyanobacteria, with connection to the problems of diversity and classification [Elektronische Daten] [Petr Dvořák, Aloisie Poulíčková, Petr Hašler, Mattia Belli, Dale Casamatta, Alessio Papini] The cyanobacteria are the most important prokaryotic primary producers on Earth, inhabiting a great diversity of aquatic and terrestrial environments exposed to light. However, the evolutionary forces leading to their divergence and speciation remain largely enigmatic compared to macroorganisms due to their prokaryotic nature, including vast population sizes, and largely asexual reproduction. The advent of modern molecular techniques has facilitated an understanding of the important factors shaping cyanobacterial evolution, including horizontal gene transfer and homologous recombination. We review the forces shaping the evolution of cyanobacteria and discuss the role of cohesive forces on speciation. Further, while myriad species concepts and definitions are currently used, only a limited subset might be applied to cyanobacteria due to their asexual reproduction. Additionally, concepts based solely on phenotypes provide insufficient resolution. A monophyletic species concept which is universal may be ideal for cyanobacteria. Actual identification of the cyanobacteria is difficult due to cryptic diversity, lack of morphological variability, and frequent convergent evolutionary events. Thus, applied molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding will be useful for identifications of environmental samples. Lastly, we show that the real biodiversity of the cyanobacteria is widely underestimated, due in part to low sampling efforts, sensitivity to the molecular markers employed, and the species definitions employed by researchers. In conclusion, we anticipate a rapid increase in cyanobacterial taxa described and large revisions of the system in the future as scientists adopt a common approach to cyanobacterial systematics. The Author(s), 2015 Cyanobacteria nationallicence Species concept nationallicence Evolution nationallicence Speciation nationallicence Biodiversity nationallicence Dvořák Petr Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut Poulíčková Aloisie Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut Hašler Petr Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut Belli Mattia Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, Florence, Italy aut Casamatta Dale Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA aut Papini Alessio Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, Florence, Italy aut Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 739-757 0960-3115 24:4<739 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0888-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0888-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dvořák Petr Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Poulíčková Aloisie Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hašler Petr Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Belli Mattia Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, Florence, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Casamatta Dale Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, 32224, Jacksonville, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Papini Alessio Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, Florence, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 739-757 0960-3115 24:4<739 2015 24 10531