caa a22 4500 60552761X CHVBK 20210128100809.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-015-0902-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-015-0902-z Ecology and biogeochemistry of cyanobacteria in soils, permafrost, aquatic and cryptic polar habitats [Elektronische Daten] [Thulani Makhalanyane, Angel Valverde, David Velázquez, Eoin Gunnigle, Marc Van Goethem, Antonio Quesada, Don Cowan] Polar Regions (continental Antarctica and the Arctic) are characterized by a range of extreme environmental conditions, which impose severe pressures on biological life. Polar cold-active cyanobacteria are uniquely adapted to withstand the environmental conditions of the high latitudes. These adaptations include high ultra-violet radiation and desiccation tolerance, and mechanisms to protect cells from freeze-thaw damage. As the most widely distributed photoautotrophs in these regions, cyanobacteria are likely the dominant contributors of critically essential ecosystem services, particularly carbon and nitrogen turnover in terrestrial polar habitats. These habitats include soils, permafrost, cryptic niches (including biological soil crusts, hypoliths and endoliths), ice and snow, and a range of aquatic habitats. Here we review current literature on the ecology, and the functional role played by cyanobacteria in various Arctic and Antarctic environments. We focus on the ecological importance of cyanobacterial communities in Polar Regions and assess what is known regarding the toxins they produce. We also review the responses and adaptations of cyanobacteria to extreme environments. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2015 Cyanobacteria nationallicence Antarctica nationallicence Arctic nationallicence Soil nationallicence Aquatic nationallicence Cryptic niches biogeochemistry nationallicence Makhalanyane Thulani Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut Valverde Angel Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut Velázquez David Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut Gunnigle Eoin Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut Van Goethem Marc Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut Quesada Antonio Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut Cowan Don Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 819-840 0960-3115 24:4<819 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0902-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0902-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Makhalanyane Thulani Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Valverde Angel Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Velázquez David Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gunnigle Eoin Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Goethem Marc Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Quesada Antonio Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cowan Don Department of Genetics, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/4(2015-04-01), 819-840 0960-3115 24:4<819 2015 24 10531