caa a22 4500 605528063 CHVBK 20210128100811.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-014-0811-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-014-0811-6 Multi-scale ecology of woodland bat the role of species pool, landscape complexity and stand structure [Elektronische Daten] [Rauno Kalda, Oliver Kalda, Kertu Lõhmus, Jaan Liira] Fragmentation of forest landscapes and structural degradation of woodlands have a holistic negative effect on biodiversity. Bats are considered as indicators of woodland's structural quality. However, as bats commute long distances on a nightly basis, their diversity should also be limited by large-scale drivers such as landscape and species availability in the region. Therefore we examined roles of the local species pool, landscape structure and habitat properties on species richness of bats through three spatial scales with emphasis on top-down relationships. Our aim for conservation ecology was to evaluate habitat quality and the importance of stand origin, i.e. contrast between mature forests and old parks. Bats were surveyed in 28 landscape windows, which consisted of at least one park and forest site. In total we sampled 63 deciduous woodlands in Estonia. In each site we sampled two microhabitats: edge and stand interior. Bat species richness was mostly explained by large-scale drivers, such as local species pool and landscape composition within 1km radius. Stand properties had a weaker effect, driven by understory clutter. At the finest scale, the importance of edge habitats was emphasized by greater species richness at the edge in comparison to the stand interior and the edge's predictive power on species richness in the stand interior. Habitat origin (park vs. forest) was an important aspect only forsmall-scale species richness, specifically in woodland interiors. The conservation policy of woodland bats should be based on complex multi-scale planning, in which natural and anthropogenic woodlands can be considered as a single land-cover type. To provide optimal foraging habitat for bats, the forest landscape should be diversified with integrated small waterbodies andcanopy gaps with sharp edges. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2014 Chiroptera nationallicence Cultural heritage nationallicence Forest landscape ecology nationallicence Forest policy nationallicence Landscape planning nationallicence Sustainable forestry nationallicence Top-down relationships nationallicence Kalda Rauno Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut Kalda Oliver Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut Lõhmus Kertu Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut Liira Jaan Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/2(2015-02-01), 337-353 0960-3115 24:2<337 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0811-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0811-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kalda Rauno Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kalda Oliver Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lõhmus Kertu Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liira Jaan Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/2(2015-02-01), 337-353 0960-3115 24:2<337 2015 24 10531