caa a22 4500 605528209 CHVBK 20210128100812.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10531-015-0985-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10531-015-0985-6 Policy interpretations and manifestation of biocultural diversity in urbanized Europe: conservation of lived biodiversity [Elektronische Daten] [Birgit Elands, K. Wiersum, Arjen Buijs, Kati Vierikko] Biocultural diversity, which refers to the inextricable link between biodiversity and cultural diversity, has been predominantly associated with the traditional ways in which indigenous people in tropical countries interact with the natural environment. But it does not have to be restricted to these circumstances. Biocultural diversity may also be regarded as an interesting concept for understanding how people in industrialized and globalized societies deal with nature. This paper explores biocultural diversity in 20 European cities by considering (i) how biocultural diversity is interpreted in urban planning and governance, and (ii) what actual manifestations of biocultural diversity are present in these cities. Despite the fact that the concept of biocultural diversity was hardly recognized by city authorities, interviewees gave many examples of how biodiversity and cultural diversity are taken into account in (in) formal city policies. The research revealed two main manifestations of biocultural diversity within urban Europe: biocultural diversity grounded in ecological features, and cultural values as a basic foundation for biocultural diversity. Consequently, urban biocultural diversity was found to have two spatial levels: the city level and the site level. The former is the domain of governmental policy makers who discuss biocultural diversity in ‘green space networks' in a rather static way. The latter is the domain where citizens participate in decisionmaking and the management of green spaces; it is here that cultural dynamics are most acknowledged. The Author(s), 2015 Biocultural diversity nationallicence Biocultural manifestations nationallicence Europe nationallicence Cities nationallicence Cultural values nationallicence Elands Birgit Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Wiersum K. Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Buijs Arjen Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut Vierikko Kati Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/13(2015-12-01), 3347-3366 0960-3115 24:13<3347 2015 24 10531 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0985-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0985-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Elands Birgit Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wiersum K. Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Buijs Arjen Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vierikko Kati Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Biodiversity and Conservation Springer Netherlands 24/13(2015-12-01), 3347-3366 0960-3115 24:13<3347 2015 24 10531