caa a22 4500 605541558 CHVBK 20210128100917.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-014-0798-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-014-0798-0 Smell facilitates auditory contagious yawning in stranger rats [Elektronische Daten] [Alejandro Moyaho, Xaman Rivas-Zamudio, Araceli Ugarte, José Eguibar, Jaime Valencia] Most vertebrates yawn in situations ranging from relaxation to tension, but only humans and other primate species that show mental state attribution skills have been convincingly shown to display yawn contagion. Whether complex forms of empathy are necessary for yawn contagion to occur is still unclear. As empathy is a phylogenetically continuous trait, simple forms of empathy, such as emotional contagion, might be sufficient for non-primate species to show contagious yawning. In this study, we exposed pairs of male rats, which were selected for high yawning, with each other through a perforated wall and found that olfactory cues stimulated yawning, whereas visual cues inhibited it. Unexpectedly, cage-mate rats failed to show yawn contagion, although they did show correlated emotional reactivity. In contrast, stranger rats showed auditory contagious yawning and greater rates of smell-facilitated auditory contagious yawning, although they did not show correlated emotional reactivity. Strikingly, they did not show contagious yawning to rats from a low-yawning strain. These findings indicate that contagious yawning may be a widespread trait amongst vertebrates and that mechanisms other than empathy may be involved. We suggest that a communicatory function of yawning may be the mechanism responsible for yawn contagion in rats, as contagiousness was strain-specific and increased with olfactory cues, which are involved in mutual recognition. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Contagious yawning nationallicence Communicatory function of yawning nationallicence Empathy nationallicence Emotional reactivity nationallicence Emotional contagion nationallicence Spontaneous penile erections nationallicence Moyaho Alejandro Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut Rivas-Zamudio Xaman Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut Ugarte Araceli Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut Eguibar José Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut Valencia Jaime Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/1(2015-01-01), 279-290 1435-9448 18:1<279 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0798-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0798-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moyaho Alejandro Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rivas-Zamudio Xaman Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ugarte Araceli Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Eguibar José Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Valencia Jaime Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Avenida 14 Sur 6301, Colonia San Manuel, 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/1(2015-01-01), 279-290 1435-9448 18:1<279 2015 18 10071