caa a22 4500 605542023 CHVBK 20210128100919.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-015-0840-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-015-0840-x Non-adjacent visual dependency learning in chimpanzees [Elektronische Daten] [Ruth Sonnweber, Andrea Ravignani, W. Fitch] Humans have a strong proclivity for structuring and patterning stimuli: Whether in space or time, we tend to mentally order stimuli in our environment and organize them into units with specific types of relationships. A crucial prerequisite for such organization is the cognitive ability to discern and process regularities among multiple stimuli. To investigate the evolutionary roots of this cognitive capacity, we tested chimpanzees—which, along with bonobos, are our closest living relatives—for simple, variable distance dependency processing in visual patterns. We trained chimpanzees to identify pairs of shapes either linked by an arbitrary learned association (arbitrary associative dependency) or a shared feature (same shape, feature-based dependency), and to recognize strings where items related to either of these ways occupied the first (leftmost) and the last (rightmost) item of the stimulus. We then probed the degree to which subjects generalized this pattern to new colors, shapes, and numbers of interspersed items. We found that chimpanzees can learn and generalize both types of dependency rules, indicating that the ability to encode both feature-based and arbitrary associative regularities over variable distances in the visual domain is not a human prerogative. Our results strongly suggest that these core components of human structural processing were already present in our last common ancestor with chimpanzees. The Author(s), 2015 Feature based nationallicence Arbitrary associative nationallicence Operant task nationallicence Touch screen nationallicence Non-human primates nationallicence Sonnweber Ruth Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut Ravignani Andrea Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut Fitch W. Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 733-745 1435-9448 18:3<733 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0840-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0840-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sonnweber Ruth Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ravignani Andrea Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fitch W. Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 733-745 1435-9448 18:3<733 2015 18 10071