caa a22 4500 605542058 CHVBK 20210128100919.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-015-0844-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-015-0844-6 Innovation and behavioral flexibility in wild redfronted lemurs ( Eulemur rufifrons ) [Elektronische Daten] [Franziska Huebner, Claudia Fichtel] Innovations and problem-solving abilities can provide animals with important ecological advantages as they allow individuals to deal with novel social and ecological challenges. Innovation is a solution to a novel problem or a novel solution to an old problem, with the latter being especially difficult. Finding a new solution to an old problem requires individuals to inhibit previously applied solutions to invent new strategies and to behave flexibly. We examined the role of experience on cognitive flexibility to innovate and to find new problem-solving solutions with an artificial feeding task in wild redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons). Four groups of lemurs were tested with feeding boxes, each offering three different techniques to extract food, with only one technique being available at a time. After the subjects learned a technique, this solution was no longer successful and subjects had to invent a new technique. For the first transition between task 1 and 2, subjects had to rely on their experience of the previous technique to solve task 2. For the second transition, subjects had to inhibit the previously learned technique to learn the new task 3. Tasks 1 and 2 were solved by most subjects, whereas task 3 was solved by only a few subjects. In this task, besides behavioral flexibility, especially persistence, i.e., constant trying, was important for individual success during innovation. Thus, wild strepsirrhine primates are able to innovate flexibly, suggesting a general ecological relevance of behavioral flexibility and persistence during innovation and problem solving across all primates. The Author(s), 2015 Innovation nationallicence Problem solving nationallicence Prior knowledge nationallicence Behavioral flexibility nationallicence Persistence nationallicence Primates nationallicence Huebner Franziska Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany aut Fichtel Claudia Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 777-787 1435-9448 18:3<777 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0844-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0844-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huebner Franziska Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fichtel Claudia Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 777-787 1435-9448 18:3<777 2015 18 10071