caa a22 4500 605542120 CHVBK 20210128100920.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150501xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-014-0827-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-014-0827-z An intentional vocalization draws others' attention: A playback experiment with wild chimpanzees [Elektronische Daten] [Catherine Crockford, Roman Wittig, Klaus Zuberbühler] A vital step in the evolution of language is likely to have been when signalers explicitly intended to direct recipients' attention to external objects with the use of referential signals. Although animal signals can direct the attention of others to external events, such as in monkey predator alarm calls, there is little evidence that this is the result of an intention to inform the recipient. Two recent studies, however, indicate that the production of chimpanzee quiet alarm calls, given to snakes, complies with some standard behavioral markers of intentional signaling, such as gaze alternation. But it is currently unknown whether the calls alone direct receivers' attention to the threat. To address this, we carried out a playback experiment with free-ranging chimpanzees in Budongo Forest, Uganda, using a within-subjects design. From a hidden speaker, we broadcast either quiet alarm ‘hoos' (‘alert hoos') or acoustically distinguishable hoos produced while resting (‘rest hoos') and found a significant increase in search behavior after ‘alert' compared with ‘rest' hoos, with subjects monitoring either the call provider or the area near the call provider. In sum, chimpanzee ‘alert hoos' represent a plausible case of an intentionally produced animal vocalization (other studies) that refers recipients to signalers and/or to an external event (this study). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Evolution of language nationallicence Chimpanzee nationallicence Reference nationallicence Intention nationallicence Directed attention nationallicence Alarm calls nationallicence Crockford Catherine Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany aut Wittig Roman Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany aut Zuberbühler Klaus School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St. Mary's Place, KY16 9JG, St Andrews, Fife, UK aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 581-591 1435-9448 18:3<581 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0827-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-014-0827-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Crockford Catherine Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wittig Roman Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zuberbühler Klaus School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St. Mary's Place, KY16 9JG, St Andrews, Fife, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/3(2015-05-01), 581-591 1435-9448 18:3<581 2015 18 10071