caa a22 4500 605542244 CHVBK 20210128100920.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-015-0861-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-015-0861-5 Social learning strategies for nut-cracking by tufted capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.) [Elektronische Daten] [C. Coelho, T. Falótico, P. Izar, M. Mannu, B. Resende, J. Siqueira, E. Ottoni] The spontaneous use of stone tools for cracking nuts by tufted capuchin monkeys, now known to be habitual among wild populations in savanna environments, was first described in a semifree group living in the Tietê Ecological Park (SP, Brazil). Nut-cracking at TEP was first observed by our team in 1995 (Ottoni and Mannu in Int J Primatol 22(3):347-358, 2001), and its ontogeny and associated social dynamics, with inexperienced observers highly interested in the activities of proficient individuals, greatly tolerant to scrounging, support hypotheses about social biases on tool-use learning. Here we further analyze the social learning biases, better characterizing: the social context of nut-cracking in which observation by conspecifics occurs, the quality of the nut-cracking behavior itself and whether scrounging may be the motivation behind this behavior. We confirm that the choice of observational targets is an active one; monkeys do not simply observe those who they are socially close to. We investigate social learning strategies, describing how young capuchins choose to observe older, more proficient and dominant individuals during nut-cracking bouts. Monkeys with higher productivity rates were also more frequently targeted by observers, who were tolerated scroungers, further supporting the scrounging hypothesis. Finally, based on changes of the demographic patterns of tool use and observation, we set to retrace data from 14years of continuous studies. We argue that we have followed the dissemination of the behavior (Transmission Phase) almost from its beginning, when juveniles were the most frequent nutcrackers, to a more common pattern where adults are the most active tool users (Tradition Phase). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Tool use nationallicence Sapajus nationallicence Social learning nationallicence Observational learning nationallicence Behavioral traditions nationallicence Coelho C. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Falótico T. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Izar P. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Mannu M. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Resende B. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Siqueira J. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Ottoni E. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 911-919 1435-9448 18:4<911 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0861-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0861-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Coelho C. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Falótico T. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Izar P. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mannu M. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Resende B. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Siqueira J. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ottoni E. Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 172, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 911-919 1435-9448 18:4<911 2015 18 10071