caa a22 4500 605542317 CHVBK 20210128100921.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-015-0859-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-015-0859-z Risk should be objectively defined: reply to Zentall and Smith [Elektronische Daten] [Cédric Sueur, Marie Pelé] Zentall and Smith (2014) have published a comment on Pelé and Sueur (Anim Cogn 16:543-556, 2013) in which they raise two issues, one about the definition of risk and a second concerning the optimality of decisions. When making a choice, subjects are faced not only with several possible alternatives but also with the risk of opting for an unsuitable choice which depends on several variables (context, internal state, knowledge and perception). Although it is true that animals might learn about their environment and adapt their decisions to the context and to their experience, strong constraints make some behavioural traits stable over individual lifetime and even generations. We therefore consider that experience has limited impact on the variability of temporal discounting. These behavioural traits make the difference between perceived and actual risk. If the perceived risk strongly differs from the actual risk, a decision should be considered as suboptimal. If we want to lead individual and collective cognition to a common decision science, it is crucial to use the same definitions for terms implied in decision-making. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Optimality nationallicence Diffusion model nationallicence Delay nationallicence Risk nationallicence Speed-accuracy trade-off nationallicence Decision nationallicence Sueur Cédric Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Cedex, France aut Pelé Marie Ethobiosciences, Research and Consultancy Agency in Animal Wellbeing and Behaviour, Strasbourg Cedex, France aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 981-983 1435-9448 18:4<981 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0859-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 brief-communication jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0859-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sueur Cédric Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg Cedex, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pelé Marie Ethobiosciences, Research and Consultancy Agency in Animal Wellbeing and Behaviour, Strasbourg Cedex, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 981-983 1435-9448 18:4<981 2015 18 10071