caa a22 4500 605542384 CHVBK 20210128100921.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10071-015-0864-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10071-015-0864-2 Guide dogs as a model for investigating the effect of life experience and training on gazing behaviour [Elektronische Daten] [Anna Scandurra, Emanuela Prato-Previde, Paola Valsecchi, Massimo Aria, Biagio D'Aniello] The present study aimed at evaluating possible behavioural differences between guide dogs living in a kennel and interacting with a trainer and those living in a house and interacting with a blind person and their family, when they are faced with an unsolvable task. Fifty-two Labrador retrievers were tested: 13 Trained Guide dogs at the end of their training programme and 11 Working Guide dogs that had been living with their blind owner for at least 1year. Two control groups of Labrador retrievers were also tested: 14 Young Untrained dogs of the same age as the Trained Guide and 14 Old Untrained dogs of the same age as the Working Guide dogs. Results showed that the Trained Guide dogs gazed towards the owner or the stranger for less time and with a higher latency and spent more time interacting with the experimental apparatus than the other three groups, which all behaved similarly. None of the groups tested showed preferences in gazing towards the stranger or the owner. Together, the results suggest that at the end of their training programme, guide dogs are less prone to engage in human-directed gazing behaviour and more likely to act independently when facing an unsolvable task. Conversely, guide dogs that have been living with a blind person (and their family) for 1year behave like pet dogs. These findings indicate that guide dogs' gazing towards humans is favoured by living in close proximity with people and by interacting with them. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Dog-human communication nationallicence Cognitive test nationallicence Gazing nationallicence Guide dog nationallicence Training nationallicence Unsolvable task nationallicence Scandurra Anna Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy aut Prato-Previde Emanuela Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy aut Valsecchi Paola Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, viale Usberti 11 A, 43125, Parma, Italy aut Aria Massimo Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples "Federico II”, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy aut D'Aniello Biagio Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II”, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy aut Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 937-944 1435-9448 18:4<937 2015 18 10071 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0864-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0864-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scandurra Anna Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prato-Previde Emanuela Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Valsecchi Paola Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, viale Usberti 11 A, 43125, Parma, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Aria Massimo Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples "Federico II”, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- D'Aniello Biagio Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II”, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Animal Cognition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/4(2015-07-01), 937-944 1435-9448 18:4<937 2015 18 10071