caa a22 4500 605546967 CHVBK 20210128100943.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10236-015-0853-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10236-015-0853-7 The use of a flow field correction technique for alleviating the North Atlantic cold bias with application to the Kiel Climate Model [Elektronische Daten] [Annika Drews, Richard Greatbatch, Hui Ding, Mojib Latif, Wonsun Park] The North Atlantic cold bias, associated with the misplacement of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and typically extending from the surface to 1000 m depth, is a common problem in coupled models that compromises model fidelity. We investigate the use of a flow field correction (FFC) to adjust the path of the NAC and alleviate the cold bias. The FFC consists of three steps. First, climatological potential temperature (T) and salinity (S) fields for use with the model are produced using a three-dimensional restoring technique. Second, these T, S fields are used to modify the momentum equations of the ocean model. In the third stage, the correction term is diagnosed to construct a flow-independent correction. Results using the Kiel Climate Model show that the FFC allows the establishment of a northwest corner, substantially alleviating the subsurface cold bias. A cold bias remains at the surface but can be eliminated by additionally correcting the surface freshwater flux, without adjusting the surface heat flux seen by the ocean model. A model version in which only the surface fluxes of heat and freshwater are corrected continues to exhibit the incorrect path of the NAC and a strong subsurface bias. We also show that the bias in the atmospheric circulation is reduced in some corrected model versions. The FFC can be regarded as a way to correct for model error, e.g. associated with the deep water mass pathways and their impact on the large-scale ocean circulation, and unresolved processes such as eddy momentum flux convergence. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 North Atlantic cold bias nationallicence Northwest corner nationallicence Empirical correction techniques nationallicence North Atlantic Current nationallicence Drews Annika GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut Greatbatch Richard GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut Ding Hui GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut Latif Mojib GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut Park Wonsun GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut Ocean Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 65/8(2015-08-01), 1079-1093 1616-7341 65:8<1079 2015 65 10236 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-015-0853-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-015-0853-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Drews Annika GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Greatbatch Richard GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ding Hui GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Latif Mojib GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Park Wonsun GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Ocean Dynamics Springer Berlin Heidelberg 65/8(2015-08-01), 1079-1093 1616-7341 65:8<1079 2015 65 10236