caa a22 4500 606153020 CHVBK 20210128100551.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11121-014-0459-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11121-014-0459-1 Adherence and Delivery: Implementation Quality and Program Outcomes for the Seventh-Grade keepin ' it REAL Program [Elektronische Daten] [Jonathan Pettigrew, John Graham, Michelle Miller-Day, Michael Hecht, Janice Krieger, Young Shin] Poor implementation quality (IQ) is known to reduce program effects making it important to consider IQ for evaluation and dissemination of prevention programs. However, less is known about the ways specific implementation variables relate to outcomes. In this study, two versions of keepin' it REAL, a seventh-grade drug prevention intervention, were implemented in 78 classrooms in 25 schools in rural districts in Pennsylvania and Ohio. IQ was measured through observational coding of 276 videos. IQ variables included adherence to the curriculum, teacher engagement (attentiveness, enthusiasm, seriousness, clarity, positivity), student engagement (attention, participation), and a global rating of teacher delivery quality. Factor analysis showed that teacher engagement, student engagement, and delivery quality formed one factor, which was labeled delivery. A second factor was adherence to the curriculum. Self-report student surveys measured substance use, norms (beliefs about prevalence and acceptability of use), and efficacy (beliefs about one's ability to refuse substance offers) at two waves (pretest, immediate posttest). Mixed model regression analysis which accounted for missing data and controlled for pretest levels examined implementation quality's effects on individual level outcomes, statistically controlling for cluster level effects. Results show that when implemented well, students show positive outcomes compared to students receiving a poorly implemented program. Delivery significantly influenced substance use and norms, but not efficacy. Adherence marginally significantly predicted use and significantly predicted norms, but not efficacy. Findings underscore the importance of comprehensively measuring and accounting for IQ, particularly delivery, when evaluating prevention interventions. Society for Prevention Research, 2014 Implementation quality nationallicence Program evaluation nationallicence Substance use nationallicence Adolescents nationallicence Pettigrew Jonathan Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut Graham John Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut Miller-Day Michelle Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut Hecht Michael Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut Krieger Janice School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA aut Shin Young Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut Prevention Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 16/1(2015-01-01), 90-99 1389-4986 16:1<90 2015 16 11121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0459-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-014-0459-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pettigrew Jonathan Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Graham John Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miller-Day Michelle Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hecht Michael Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Krieger Janice School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shin Young Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Penn State, State College, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Prevention Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 16/1(2015-01-01), 90-99 1389-4986 16:1<90 2015 16 11121