caa a22 4500 60615339X CHVBK 20210128100553.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11121-015-0582-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11121-015-0582-7 Commentary on the 2015 SPR Standards of Evidence [Elektronische Daten] [Anthony Biglan, Brian Flay, Alexander Wagenaar] We comment on the 2015 Society for Prevention Research standards of evidence document, summarizing major changes from the previous 2005 Standards, and point to ways in which the Standards could be further improved. We endorse important new standards, such as those on testing the causal theory and mechanisms of the intervention, improved trial reporting standards, and added attention to scale-up research and cost analyses. Despite discussion of replication in the new Standards, we are concerned about the lack of stand-alone replication standards, and the deletion of an explicit requirement for replication before an intervention is considered efficacious. Finally, we are deeply concerned about the lack of attention to the unit or level of aggregation of the intervention target. It is a major conceptual oversight. The unit targeted by an intervention (whether a cell, person, organization, community, state, nation) is a fundamental feature shaping intervention theory, research design, data collection, analyses, effect sizes, diffusion possibilities and patterns, and scale-up issues. Future Standards updates should eliminate the implicit assumption in the current text that effective preventive interventions inherently target individual persons. Society for Prevention Research, 2015 Standards of evidence nationallicence Policy nationallicence Evidence-based interventions nationallicence Biglan Anthony Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA aut Flay Brian College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA aut Wagenaar Alexander College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA aut Prevention Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 16/7(2015-10-01), 927-932 1389-4986 16:7<927 2015 16 11121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0582-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0582-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Biglan Anthony Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Flay Brian College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wagenaar Alexander College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Prevention Science Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 16/7(2015-10-01), 927-932 1389-4986 16:7<927 2015 16 11121