caa a22 4500 606155171 CHVBK 20210128100602.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10096-014-2195-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10096-014-2195-7 Source tracking of an anthrax outbreak in northeastern China using complete genome analysis and MLVA genotyping [Elektronische Daten] [S. Li, X. An, Y. Huang, G. Pei, D. Cao, Z. Mi, Z. Gu, X. Zhao, J. Li, G. Gu, Y. Tong] Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, an etiological agent behind zoonotic diseases worldwide. B. anthracis is also one of the most dangerous bioterrorism agents. An anthrax outbreak took place in Liaoning Province in northeastern China in August 2012. It resulted in seven human infections and dozens of dead cows. One B. anthracis strain, named Han, was isolated from a dead cow. This strain showed minor pathogenicity in mice and was suspected to be derived from the locally administered vaccine strain, Vac. In order to determine if the Han isolate was derived from the vaccine strain Vac and to track the source of the anthrax outbreak and, so, exclude the possibility of terrorism attack, a complete genome sequencing of these two B. anthracis strains was conducted. With the genome sequencing data, canonical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and whole-genome SNP screening were performed. The results indicate that the Han strain was markedly different from the Vac strain. Further analysis by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) showed that Han clustered with previously reported Chinese strains. The result of MLVA15 confirmed that the Han strain is a naturally occurring isolate instead of an engineered agent deliberately distributed by terrorists or other parties. In conclusion, our method used in this study not only facilitates epidemiological studies but also made it easier to distinguish naturally occurring outbreaks from intentionally released pathogens. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2014 Li S. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut An X. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut Huang Y. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut Pei G. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut Cao D. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut Mi Z. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut Gu Z. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut Zhao X. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut Li J. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut Gu G. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut Tong Y. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/1(2015-01-01), 89-100 0934-9723 34:1<89 2015 34 10096 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2195-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2195-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li S. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- An X. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Huang Y. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pei G. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cao D. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mi Z. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gu Z. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhao X. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li J. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gu G. Liaoning Center for Animal Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Ren-He Street, Shenbei District, 110164, Shenyang, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tong Y. State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, 100071, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/1(2015-01-01), 89-100 0934-9723 34:1<89 2015 34 10096