caa a22 4500 606155848 CHVBK 20210128100605.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5 Molecular studies on ancient M. tuberculosis and M. leprae [Elektronische Daten] methods of pathogen and host DNA analysis [H. Witas, H. Donoghue, D. Kubiak, M. Lewandowska, J. Gładykowska-Rzeczycka] Humans have evolved alongside infectious diseases for millennia. Despite the efforts to reduce their incidence, infectious diseases still pose a tremendous threat to the world population. Fast development of molecular techniques and increasing risk of new epidemics have resulted in several studies that look to the past in order to investigate the origin and evolution of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis and leprosy have become frequent targets of such studies, owing to the persistence of their molecular biomarkers in ancient material and the characteristic skeletal lesions each disease may cause. This review examines the molecular methods used to screen for the presence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) and their differentiation in ancient human remains. Examples of recent studies, mainly from Europe, that employ the newest techniques of molecular analysis are also described. Moreover, we present a specific approach based on assessing the likely immunological profile of historic populations, in order to further elucidate the influence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae on historical human populations. The Author(s), 2015 Witas H. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut Donoghue H. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK aut Kubiak D. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut Lewandowska M. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut Gładykowska-Rzeczycka J. Retired professor, Marusarzówny, Gdańsk, Poland aut European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/9(2015-09-01), 1733-1749 0934-9723 34:9<1733 2015 34 10096 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Witas H. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Donoghue H. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kubiak D. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lewandowska M. Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gładykowska-Rzeczycka J. Retired professor, Marusarzówny, Gdańsk, Poland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/9(2015-09-01), 1733-1749 0934-9723 34:9<1733 2015 34 10096