caa a22 4500 606158057 CHVBK 20210128100617.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10096-015-2479-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10096-015-2479-6 Optimising gut colonisation resistance against Clostridium difficile infection [Elektronische Daten] [S. Yuille, W. Mackay, D. Morrison, M. Tedford] Clostridium difficile is the dominant cause of pseudomembranous colitis in nosocomial environments. C. difficile infection (CDI) generally affects elderly (≥65 years of age) hospital inpatients who have received broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment. CDI has a 30% risk of re-infection and a subsequent 60% risk of relapse thereafter, leading to a high economic burden of over 7 billion pounds sterling and over 900,000 cases in the USA and Europe per annum. With the long-term consequences of faecal transplantation currently unknown, and limited spectrum of effective antibiotics, there is an urgent requirement for alternative means of preventing and treating CDI in high-risk individuals. Metagenomics has recently improved our understanding of the colonisation resistance barrier and how this could be optimised. pH, oxidation-reduction potentials and short-chain fatty acids have been suggested to inhibit C. difficile growth and toxin production in in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to pull together the evidence in support of a colonisation resistance barrier against CDI. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Yuille S. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, Almada Street, ML3 0JB, Hamilton, UK aut Mackay W. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, PA1 2BE, Paisley, UK aut Morrison D. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, G75 0QF, East Kilbride, UK aut Tedford M. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, Almada Street, ML3 0JB, Hamilton, UK aut European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/11(2015-11-01), 2161-2166 0934-9723 34:11<2161 2015 34 10096 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2479-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2479-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yuille S. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, Almada Street, ML3 0JB, Hamilton, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mackay W. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, PA1 2BE, Paisley, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Morrison D. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, G75 0QF, East Kilbride, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tedford M. School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, Almada Street, ML3 0JB, Hamilton, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases Springer Berlin Heidelberg 34/11(2015-11-01), 2161-2166 0934-9723 34:11<2161 2015 34 10096